Doutorado em Economia
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2019
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo:
Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC nº 486, de 14/05/2020).
Publicação no DOU em 18/05/2020, seção 1, p. 93.
Parecer nº 839/2019 CNE/CES
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Teoria Econômica
Url do curso: https://economia.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGEco/detalhes-do-curso?id=1433
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- ItemConsumo e taxação de bens conspícuos: análise teórica e um estudo empírico sobre as importações brasileiras de 2011 A 2020(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-30) Camatta, Rafael Barbieri; Salles, Alexandre Ottoni Teatini; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-2531; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1107306178088215; https://orcid.org/0000000337817658; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8311959087874563; Pessali, Huáscar Fialho; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-4653; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9985212780009622; Lopes, Herton Castiglioni; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-1729; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8849890515327689; Arthmar, Rogério; https://orcid.org/0000000170852645; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3900351075202052; Conceição, Octavio Augusto CamargoThe analysis of the theoretical economic literature about conspicuous consumption show that this behavior not only has deep roots on human evolution but it is also ubiquitous through all social classes. Nonetheless, the literature shows that the habit of demonstrative consumption can result in several economic and social problems, specially to low-income agents and underdeveloped countries. Additionally, authors from the Classical School to Positional Economics argue that progressive taxation on this type of consumption can diminish the effects of demonstrative and emulative behavior. Despite the various theoretical incursions on this issue over the past two and a half centuries, it appears that the topic has not been widely addressed empirically in Economic Science. The present research was not able to find any economic studies that investigate this phenomenon from the point of view of the determinants of Brazilian’s demand for luxury goods. Likewise, it was not possible to find academic research on how conspicuous goods are taxed in Brazil. Thus, from a broad theoretical research on the consumption and taxation of conspicuous goods in Economic Science, this dissertation seeks: (i) to build a time series in order to measure the variation in Brazilian’s conspicuous consumption, specifically with regard to luxury goods imports for the years 2011 to 2020; (ii) investigate what were the determinants of this importation; and, finally, (iii) to analyze the Brazilian federal tax structure regarding taxes and contributions levied on demonstrative goods.
- ItemTrês estudos sobre os efeitos do controle social dos gastos públicos na condição fiscal municipal(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-10-09) Krakowiak, Sérgio; Seixas, Renato Nunes de Lima; https://orcid.org/0000000205105181; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1824359260532530; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0695-4313; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5743237255500174; Giuberti, Ana Carolina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7213083068331720; Oliveira, Giuliano Contento de; Sakurai, Sergio Naruhiko; Cunha, Marina Silva daArticle 1 - This research examines the effect of social control over municipal Public Administration spending by social observatories. Ceteris paribus, the monitoring of public spending by social observatories should increase the likelihood of detecting inefficiencies, misappropriation of resources, and corruption, leading to a reduction in municipal expenses. Nevertheless, theory predicts circumstances that may nullify or even reverse these effects. In the international empirical literature, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of social control over public spending, and in Brazil, empirical literature on the subject is in its infancy. Thus, based on agency theory and the econometric approach of difference-in-differences, we test the hypotheses that in Brazil: (i) per capita expenses of municipal Public Administration tend to decrease when monitored by social observatories; (ii) observatory monitoring is especially effective in small municipalities with fewer than 50,000 inhabitants; (iii) the effectiveness of observatories varies between states; and (iv) observatories that operate in networks, such as those in the Observatório Social do Brasil (OSB) network, are more effective in controlling public spending than those that operate independently. The results suggest that Brazilian social observatories are highly effective, that at least partially this effectiveness increases in small municipalities, that the effectiveness of observatories in different states is indeed heterogeneous, and that OSB network observatories are not more effective than others. Article 2 - Education is one of the main targets of corruption in Brazilian municipalities. Failures in institutional mechanisms for controlling Public Administration allow municipal corruption to multiply, forcing organized civil society to mobilize. Since the mid-2000s, a strategy of monitoring the public sector by civil society, which uses social observatories to oversee the bidding processes and conduct of city halls and municipal secretariats, has been implemented in hundreds of municipalities. Despite this, there are doubts about the effectiveness of this form of social control, due to the scarcity of studies on its effects, especially in Brazilian municipal education, where there are no such researches. The international literature shows that illicit deviations and/or serious inefficiencies in the management of public education resources weaken the relationship between government spending and the population's access to educational services, so that statistically null coefficients or coefficients that are positive but close to zero for this relationship represent signs of corruption or serious inefficiencies. Based on this, this research evaluates the existence of signs of corruption/inefficiencies in the management of municipal education, analyzing whether the action of social observatories is capable of mitigating them. Using a methodological design that uses panel data and the generalized method of moments to estimate these coefficients in the pre- and post-intervention periods, comparing them to those of a control group selected by propensity score matching, we find evidence that suggests that social observatories are effective in fighting corruption, administrative inefficiencies and opportunistic behavior in the management of municipal education. Article 3 - This study examines the impact of social observatories on the fiscal condition of municipalities. In Brazil, one of the most decentralized countries in the world, municipal corruption is endemic, leading to grave fiscal issues. Social observatories, non-governmental organizations dedicated to enabling citizens to oversee local public administration, have arisen in response to this challenge. The paper employs the Firjan Index of Fiscal Management (IFGF) and its sub-indices as indicators of municipal fiscal health. The results, calculated using a methodology that melds matching techniques with difference-in-differences, suggest that the presence of social observatories considerably enhances the overall fiscal health of municipalities. This effect is manifested in a decline in the commitment of the municipal budget to personnel expenses in the second year after the observatories' introduction, and to capital expenditures in the first year. However, the initial improvements concerning capital expenditures are offset in the subsequent year, pointing to adaptive maneuvers by corrupt actors. The research underscores the effectiveness of social observatories as tools for societal control, while highlighting the ongoing need for initiatives to counteract the adaptive strategies of corruption.
- ItemEnsaios em Economia do Crime: Uma Abordagem Econométrica Espacial(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-01-30) Montini, Felipe; Becker, Kalinca Léia; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-9411; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082069520269585; Monte, Edson Zambon; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6878-5428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5543595580825181; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-7021; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5448798711984290; Giuberti, Ana Carolina; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-6272; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7213083068331720; Lirio, Viviani Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-819X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8215754365980649; Jorge, Marco Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7195-9364; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491207553911468; Lira, Pablo Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-5219; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1429716140765041This thesis is composed of three essays that aim to understand the main aspects of crime in Brazil in three forms. First, checking how it behaves in the territory, observing which places are most affected and what their trend is. Second, analyzing the effects of the factors that condition it and, mainly, the exogenous spatial effects, related to the conditions in neighboring municipalities. And, finally, evaluating the effectiveness of a public policy aimed at reducing violence. The first essay aimed to analyze the spatial patterns of violence, through an exploratory analysis of spatial data, and test the hypothesis of convergence of homicide rates, in Brazilian municipalities, for the period from 2005 to 2019, through β-convergence models, using panel data and considering spatial effects. The results showed that not only is the process of convergence in homicide rates occurring, but practically all municipalities in the country are close to their stationary states, with a certain individual equilibrium rate. The second essay aimed to analyze the conditions of crime in Brazilian municipalities, from 2005 to 2016, emphasizing the effects of exogenous spatial interactions, through the SLX, SDEM and SDM models. The results showed that spatially lagged explanatory variables are significant in explaining homicide rates. In general, crime was positively affected by the level of income and demographic density of the municipality itself and neighboring municipalities; and negatively due to economic development and the proportion of young men in the neighbors. Furthermore, the results showed the existence of heterogeneity regarding the responses to the determinants in the different regions. Therefore, regional characteristics must be taken into account when developing public policies, since the same policy, applied in two different regions, tends to produce different results. Finally, the third essay aimed to evaluate the impact of the Programa Estado Presente, implemented in 2011, in Espírito Santo, on homicide rates in the municipalities that received the treatment, so that reducing lethal violence was the main objective of the program. For this purpose, a difference-in-differences method was used based on the semiparametric estimator proposed by Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021). The analysis was carried out considering two groups, defined based on the year in which the municipalities were initially treated. The results showed a strong heterogeneity in the treatment effects in each of the groups. In the 2011 Group, formed by the largest and most violent municipalities in the state, a 38.1% reduction in homicide rates was estimated. In the 2013 Group, formed by municipalities in less violent regions, the program did not have a statistically significant effect. Considering the effect of the treatment in the 2011 Group, it was estimated that the program prevented around 428 homicides, on average, annually, totaling 1,713 lives saved during the period in which it was active. Therefore, the results indicated that the program was effective in reducing homicides in the state of Espírito Santo.
- ItemProbabilidade De Inserção No Mercado De Trabalho Informal — Análise Da Região Metropolitana Da Grande Vitória Sob A Ótica Da Escolaridade(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-04-22) Rocha, Antonio Ricardo Freislebem Da; Moreira, Ricardo Ramalhete; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1905-4872; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3263921271806291; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-0364; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5259513596650690; Monte, Edson Zambon; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6878-5428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5543595580825181; Grassi, Robson Antonio ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-3427; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1705867851062589; Cerqueira, Daniel Ricardo De Castro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6130-2753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7665386759198695; Lira, Pablo Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-5219; http://lattes.cnpq.br/ 1429716140765041This research analyzed the influence of years of study and the completion of school cycles on the probability of labor force participation and informal employment in the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória/Espírito Santo, between 2012 and 2019. To correct for selection bias, the Heckman procedure was used, and to mitigate the endogeneity of the education variable, caused by educational choice and individuals' ability, the "Stratum" variable was used. The Bootstrap technique was also used to verify the robustness of the results across different models. The results indicated that the increase in the probability of labor market participation, with the completion of educational cycles of basic education, and the higher probability of participation in the formal sector, with the completion of basic and higher education, are factors that tend to increase the labor income of individuals during their working life cycle. It also became evident the importance of some variables that were used as controls, such as the union variable, which showed the highest magnitude among the variables used and is closely related to the analyzed region. Lastly, the results suggest that labor market informality functioned as a cushion after 2016, as the unfavorable economic performance after that year increased the chances of individuals participating in the labor market as informal workers. Another highlight was the certificate inflation, resulting from an increased supply without a corresponding increase in the quality of education or alignment with the demands of the labor market, which could result in a saturation of the labor market with certificate-holding professionals and have important implications for the productivity and development of the region.
- ItemInstituições, economia do conhecimento e crescimento econômico : uma análise da evolução recente da economia do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-09-27) Caçador, Sávio Bertochi; Monte, Edson Zambon ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Grassi, Robson Antonio ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Salles, Alexandre Ottoni Teatini; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Conceição, Octávio Augusto Camargo; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Feitosa, Paulo Henrique Assis; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Garcia, Renato de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/This thesis is about the evolution of the institutions of the Espírito Santo’s economy in recent decades, seeking to use extensive literature on the subject in Economic Science to understand facts that marked the institutional turnaround that occurred in the politics and economy of Espírito Santo since 2003, mainly those related to the subsequent evolution in the results of important public policies. It is shown that the institutional development that led to improvements in these policies contributed decisively to the prominence of Espírito Santo in several social indicators, bringing it closer to more developed Brazilian states, but has not yet impacted the indicators of the knowledge and learning economy in the same way, which is problematic for the future of the economy of Espírito Santo, even more so at a time when, unlike in recent decades, the state has grown below the national average (2010s). It is concluded that accelerating the improvement of science, technology and innovation (ST&I) indicators, making the Regional Innovation System (RIS) of Espírito Santo more robust, becomes even more essential than before, based on the construction of a true State policy for these areas. This is fundamental for the state's economy to return to growing above the national average and, consequently, for its social indicators to continue improving in a sustainable way