Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE/CES Parecer nº 250/2014, portaria nº 187 de 06/03/2015, publicado no DOU de 09/03/2015 seção 1, página 11
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento
Url do curso: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM/detalhes-do-curso?id=1415
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- ItemAnálise do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico de lodo de esgoto em Allium cepa(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Martins, Maria Nilza Corrêa; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; Lopes, José Carlos; David, José Augusto de OliveiraThe sewage sludge can contain high levels of inorganic and organic compounds with toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Its use in agricultural soils can be studied by the behaviour (or by the development and growth) of the different plant species relating to the toxic effects of this residue in different plant species. In a review it was possible to obtain data from the effects of the transfer of contaminants in soils supplemented with sewage sludge for plants and plants via the food chain. An organism test Allium cepa shows a positive response to this analysis of toxicity, that aimed to study the genetic toxicity of sewage sludge in Allium cepa. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Morphology of the Center for Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), in the municipality of Alegre, using seeds of Allium cepa treated with sludge from the ETE Jerônimo Monteiro and ETE Mulembá. The sludge were analysed with regard to physico-chemical and biological properties, according to the resolution CONAMA 375/2006. For the analysis of toxicity on the seeds of Allium cepa, 5.000 cells per treatment were evaluated by direct contact and trapped the samples and controls. The gross sludge presented physico-chemical results within the limits established by CONAMA resolution 375/2006. Only in the microbiological analysis the sludge of ETE of Jerônimo Monteiro presented fecal coliforms above the limit established by the resolution. For potential toxicity testing the sludge of ETE Jerônimo Monteiro was phytotoxic to raw sewage sludge, cytotoxic and genotoxic for sewage sludge solubilization. The gross sludge of ETE Mulembá presented genotoxic and mutagenic potential, while the sludge solubilized was cytotoxic. The sewage sludge with addition of lime presented potential phytotoxic to raw sludge, and for the sludge solubilized showed genotoxic and cytotoxic effect. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric test of Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05). It is concluded that both sludge have toxic potential, serving warning to their use in agricultural soils, which should be monitored with cytogenetic analyses and control of toxic elements present in its composition.
- ItemCaracterização genética e do solo em populações nativas de Vochysia bifalcata warm. no Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Vianna, Larissa Souza; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis HornVochysia bifalcata is popularly known as Guaricica, is a tree neotropical species whose survival is threatened due to degradation processes of the natural environment and man operation, considered the threat of state they are in, it is necessary to obtain more detailed information the genetic diversity of natural populations of this species, which is possible from studies with microsatellite markers. In this context, the present study was to evaluate objetvo the genetic diversity of Vochysia bifalcata species and characterize soil fertility in two native populations established in Caparaó National Park, ES. Therefore, leaf samples from 28 adult individuals were collected from two native populations of V. bifalta. For transferability test were tested 8 microsatellite primers developed for Qualea grandiflora and 10 designed to Vochysia ferruginea in the genome of individuals to V. bifalcata. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Doyle & Doyle protocol (1990) modified. The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on gel polyacrylamide 10% with 1X TBE buffer. Electrophoresis was performed at constant voltage of 100 W for 5 hours. The markers that generate satisfactory amplifications were then used for the studies and genetic diversity of structure in all 28 individuals sampled. We randomly selected six soil sampling points in each population at depths 0-5; 5-10 e 10-20 cm and chemical analyzes were performed using the methodology proposed by EMBRAPA (1997). The heterologous amplification results for V. ferruginea to V. bifalcata were satisfactory, and then used for statistical analysis and Q. grandiflora for V. bifalcata were satisfactory, however proved to be monomorphic. For starters, V. ferruginea the results showed the average occurrence of 4.85 lleles/locus. In both two populations of seven loci analyzed suggested the presence of null alleles, with significant frequency. The allelic richness were similar between the two populations. The average observed heterozygosity for the population I was 0.434 and population II was 0.355, both distinct from the expected to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average fixation index for the population I was 0.390 and the population II was 0.328, indicating the presence of inbreeding within populations. The average value of Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.608 for the population I and 0.566 for the population II and are considered highly informative. The pair of genotypes (9 and 11) and (5 and 9) were identified as the least dissimilar opulations the population I and II, respectively. The amount of GST (0.079) indicated a moderate genetic differentiation among populations. To AMOVA, 92.86% of the variation was within 12 populations and among populations 7.13%. After analyzing the program, STRUCTURE was possible to define the division into two groups of genotypes. The obtained average gene flow was 2.88 being considered high enough to counteract the effects of genetic drift. These data generate important information about the genetic variability, proving the importance of Caparaó National Park for the species conservation. Soil samples analyzed demonstrated that the fertility of both populations are present and a low acidity, the homogeneity of the soil fertility can be explained by the soil and climatic characteristics similar between the two study populations.
- ItemCitogenética e citometria de fluxo de espécies de Dorstenia (Moraceae) endêmicas da Floresta Atlântica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-27) Fernandes, Alda Francisca Rodrigues de Sousa; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; David, José Augusto de OliveiraMoraceae comprises latescentes plant tree size as the fig trees (Ficus), shrub species as Sorocea, or herbaceous species as Dorstenia species. The Dorstenia is the only herbaceous within the family, with about 105 species, and it has active ingredients linked to several therapeutic functions. Besides the medical use, the "carapiás", as popularly known, the Dorstenia species also have a high potential as ornamental plants. Some studies involving systematic, phylogeny, molecular and phytochemical are reported to some species of Dorstenia. However, there are few reports about the cythogenetic data and DNA content in the gender, probably due to the difficulty to find natural populations in the field and the vulnerable situation that affects most species.Cytomorphological data associated with the DNA 2C value can generate information on the chromosomal evolution and cooperate with systematic and taxonomic aspects of a group. That being said, the objective of this study was to characterize, by using cytogenetics and flow cytometry, three species of Dorstenia:. D. arifolia Lam., D. bonijesu Carauta & C. Valente and D. elata Hook. For this, the chromosomal number was determined, morphometric and intrachromosomal asymmetry (A2) parameters were established and nuclear DNA content was measured. The plant material was collected in Mata das Flores, ES. To cytogenetics, roots were obtained by using the hydroponic system, treated with APM in the concentrations of 3, 4 and 5 uM, for 16 to 18 h and fixed in methanol: acetic acid (3:1), for later digestion, coloring and observation of the slides. For flow cytometry young individuals were colected. The leaves were used as material of analysis to quantify the nuclear DNA content. The Cytogenetic methodology allowed to obtain suitable material for analysis. It was found 32 chromosomes and it was possible to mount the first karyogram to the three species. With the morphometric data, the classification of chromosomes was determined and the differences were confirmed between the three karyotypes. The A2 asymmetry index varied between the species: D. bonijesu showed A2 = 0.16, followed by D. arifolia A2 = 0.14 and D. elata A2 = 0.13. The flow cytometric analysis allowed to measure the nuclear DNA content of 2C = 3.49 picograms (pg) for D. elata, 2C = 4.05 pg for D. bonijesu , and 2C = 5.47 pg for D. arifolia. Despite of the fact that the three species have the same chromosome number (2n = 32), the DNA content values obtained by flow cytometry and the results of the asymmetric index were different. According to the A2 values and data described in the literature D. elata can be the species more derivative in relation to D. bonijesu and D. arifolia, for having the lowest asymmetry index, and the lowest content of nuclear DNA. Therefore, the present research data allowed to characterize, for the first time, three species of Dorstenia, contributing to different areas such as ecology, phylogeny, systematics and evolution.
- ItemDiversidade e estrutura genética de Euterpe edulis Mart(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Carvalho, Marina Santos; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Ferreira, Adésio; Santana, Fernanda AbreuEuterpe edulis Mart., popularly known as juçara palm tree is an endemic palm tree of the Atlantic Forest that has been passing through an intense process of extractivism due to palm tree exploration, a product of high alimentary value. Due to the forest fragmentation and the extractivism, the juçara palm tree may be losing its genetic diversity and becoming more inclined to enter in extinction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure in six municipalities of the South region of the state of Espírito Santo, aiming to generate information that may be used in programs of conservation and breeding of the species. Materials from 20 populations were collected, six of these populations with 39 individuals belonging to the South sub-region and 14 populations with 121 individuals from the Caparaó subregion, totalizing 160 individuals. Thirteen microsatellite primers were used. The SSR amplified a total of 86 alleles which varied from five to 11 alleles per loci, with an average of 6.62 alleles. The polymorphism information content was higher than 0.56 in all the loci. The expected heterozygosity was higher than the observed in all the populations and the fixation index was positive indicating excess of homozygotes. The diversity indexes showed moderate differentiation among the 20 evaluated populations (FST=0.18; GST=0.17; RST=0.23) and endogamy presence (FIS = 0,35). The values of these parameters were similar among the populations of each subregion, nevertheless Caparaó presented higher endogamy (FIS=0,37) and the South region presented higher differentiation (FST=0.19). The analysis of molecular variance indicated elevated variation among the populations (80.64%) with moderated value of FST (0.18). On the cluster produced by the UPGMA method, three groups were formed, and on the evaluation done by the program STRUCTURE best K, equal to 3 was obtained. All the groups were formed by populations of more than one locality and mainly of the same geographic origin. Considering the existence of populations compounded by divergent individuals and others that present high level of homozygosity it is necessary to use materials of diverse sources aiming to preserve and maintain the diversity. The information of this work reinforce the necessity of X implementing and delineating public politics as support and development of breeding programs of the species aiming to determine management methods and species conservation
- ItemDiversidade e estrutura genética em populações naturais de Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Martius no Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Assis, Arícia Leone Evangelista Monteiro de; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos; Kunz, Sustanis HornAs a result of the fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest and the selective cutting process the genetic variability of tree species has become increasingly compromised. Among these tree species, the Cabralea canjerana species threatened by reduced genetic variability of their natural populations. It is necessary to the existence of more effective programs for the conservation of this species. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of species populations in forest remnants in two protected areas in the state of the Holy Spirit through molecular markers of type Inter Single Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and was held parallel analysis of leaf morphology, aiming to obtain the most representative variables for individuals collected in two different vegetation type. In the morphological analysis, after the removal of outliers in respect to the axis 1 (59%) in order to weight characteristics of the dry mass of the petiole (PMSF), petiole length (SL) and the weight of the dry mass of leaves (PMSF) were the most representative variables for individuals Reserve already worth for individuals Caparaó variables were weight of the dry mass of the rachis (PMSR) and leaf area (LA). These factors can be explained by genotype interactions environments. In the molecular analysis used primers 10 in 46 individuals of three different populations, yielding 73 polymorphic fragments that served as the basis for the analyzes and inter-intra-population diversity. The results indicate high levels of genetic diversity in accordance with the values of the Shannon Index, which were: Vale Reservation, 0.31, Footwear Valley, 0.44 and 0.42 Valley of Santa Marta. In the overall index analysis the value was 0.475. The AMOVA most diversity occurs within populations (73%). The correct number of groups, based on the rate of change in Ln (k), statistical ?K, indicating a convergence to three Bayesian groups (K = 3). In comparing the populations of the three populations, gene flow was 0.676, considered a low value fact that supports the formation of the three Bayesian groups and structure of the population.
- ItemDiversidade genética em Coffea arábica no cerrado brasileiro(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-20) Silva, Cyntia Meiry da; Ferreira, Adésio; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Vieira, Henrique DuarteThe coffee has importance in several segments, from social, economic to the cultural, and Brazil is the largest producer and exporter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth rate of 16 Arábica coffee genotypes (Coffea arabica) in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was established in Morrinhos in Goiás State, with the spacing of 3x1m between plants. The design was a randomized block design with four replications; each experimental unit consists of five plants. Traits recorded length of reproductive branches, length of orthotropic branches, number of nodes of reproductive branches and number of nodes of orthotropic branches. The vegetative growth rates varied seasonally throughout the evaluation period. Set the exponential not linear model, and the quality of the model fit quantified by determining coefficients (R2), adjusted determination coefficient (), information Akaike (AIC) and the criterion Bayesian (BIC) information. It was concluded that it is possible to obtain the genotypes adapted climatic conditions of the Brazilian cerrado, with highest growth periods befitting rain and mild temperature. Presumably, the Catucaí 2 SL genotypes and Yellow Catuaí IAC 62, have characteristics that facilitate future studies of breeding for adaptation to water stress situations since they have shown minor variations in growth rates during the dry season.
- ItemEstudo da interação genótipo x ambiente e validação de marcadores microssatélites associados a QTLs para conteúdo de óleo e proteína em soja(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-27) Souza Neto, José Dias de; Piovesan, Newton Deniz; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos; Bueno, Rafael Delmond; Silva, Luciano da CostaSoy is one of the most important crops worldwide due to the oil and extracted protein from its seeds. Due to this importance, our objective was the evaluation of strains of soybean, from Quality Breeding program at UFV in the state of Minas Gerais, from oil and protein content as well as adaptability and stability of the lines in three environments, the latter being evaluated by the methods of Eberhart and Russell and Centróides. Also, we aimed to select SSR markers associated with QTLs for oil content and protein in these strains. A total of 56 locus of SSR markers, were used. Regarding the analysis of adaptability and stability, the strains 13, 18, 90, 148, 152,172, 204, 206, 174 and 120. We selected for oil content, and the lines 124, 158 and 143, for protein. The grouping analysisformed 21 groups of 208 limhagens, with 92,184, 6101 and 192 Msoy showing greater dissimilarity genotype. The association analyzes did not reveal any association at 1 and 5% significance level using the Bonferroni correction. However, allele 3 was selected alleles in marker 239, and alleles 1 and 2 at Satt 539, for oil, while allele 1 at Satt 263, and allele 3 at Satt 463 for protein content.
- ItemEstudos em Pitcairnia azouryi (Bromeliaceae), uma espécie endêmica de inselbergues da Floresta Atlântica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Manhães, Vitor da Cunha; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Garbin, Mário LuísThis study reports the discovery of new areas of occurrence of Pitcairnia azouryi Martinelli & Forzza, and the study of their populations regarding its genetic diversity, the amount of nuclear DNA and the chromosome number. Seven new areas of occurrence for this species were located between the northern state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and the southern state of Espírito Santo (ES), and georeferenced to the other studies. Leaf samples of 13-15 individuals were collected in five of these populations (PLB - Pedra Lisa Burarama, PA - Pedra das Andorinhas, PTI - Pedra Três Irmãs, PPC - Pedra Parada Cristal and PLC - Pedra Lisa Campos), totaling 66 individuals. Nine SSR markers were used in PCRs. Genetic polymorphisms were identified from polymorphism between individuals sampled, detected by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel 8%. The parameters of diversity and genetic structure of populations were calculated using the software Fstat, PopGene and Structure. The flow cytometry analysis was performed using leaf samples obtained from adult individuals of five populations. Cytogenetic analyzes were performed with roots obtained from germinated seeds collected in two populations. The nine SSR primers produced satisfactory amplification products, and proved to be polymorphic. The number of alleles per loci ranged between two and eight. The values of gene diversity index (Gd) and the fixation index (Fis) in populations ranged from 0.459 to 0.578 and 0.047 to 0.208, respectively. The Fst values observed showed that 81.20% of the total genetic variation is found within populations and the occurrence of gene flow (Nm) 1,073 (average number of migrants per generation). Bayesian analysis indicated that a model of k = 3 populations is able to better capture the variation in the data on the genetic structure. The high variation of fixation index added to the large genetic variation within and moderate genetic differentiation among populations suggest the occurrence of the founder effect in the dispersion of new individuals in new locations, followed by genetic drift, especially for the population of Campos dos Goytacazes. The flow cytometry analysis showed that the nuclear DNA content is 2C = 1.16 picograms in all populations analyzed, except on PLC population, in which was measured twice of DNA content (2C= 2.32 picograms). This result was explained by cytogenetic analysis which revealed individuals with 2n = 50 chromosomes in ES and individuals 2n = 100 chromosomes in RJ. This result may be due for PLC's geographical isolation, environmental characteristics of different evolutionary processes.
- ItemLooking for influence of the chromosome number, ploidy level and nuclear 2C value on the in vitro response in Passiflora genus(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-31) Leite, Cristiana Torres; Clarindo, Wellington Ronildo; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Werner, Elias Terra; Soares, Fernanda Aparecida Ferrari; Carrijo, Tatiana TavaresAs well as for other taxa, different morphogenetic in vitro responses (direct/indirect organogenesis or embryogenesis) have been reported for the Passiflora species, even in the same in vitro environmental conditions. The distinct chromosome number between some Passiflora genus species has been appointed as a possible genetic factor related to the differences in in vitro responses. Based on this hypothesis, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro responses of Passiflora species exhibiting distinct chromosome number, ploidy level and nuclear DNA content to answer the following questions: these genomic aspects influence the in vitro response? For this, mature zygotic embryos (MZE) of five species, which belong the four Passiflora subgenus, were inoculated in MS medium supplemented with 4.4 µM de benzylaminopurine (BAP) and nine concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (4.53 – 144.96 µM 2,4-D). Corroborating to the previous studies, different morphogenic responses were observed under the same in vitro conditions. Only friable calli (FC) were obtained from MZE of Passiflora coriacea Juss (2n = 12 chromosomes, 2C = 1.00 pg), Passiflora lindeniana TR & Planch (2n = 24, 2C = 2.42 pg) and Passiflora contracta Vitta (2n = 48 chromosomes, 2C = 4.78 pg). Plantlets were recovered from MZE of Passiflora foetida L. (2n = 20, 2C = 1.04 pg) and Passiflora miniata Vanderpl. (2n = 18, 2C = 3.40 pg) from indirect organogenesis and embryogenesis, respectively. As in other studies, plantlets were regenerated from indirect somatic embryogenesis only for the Passiflora species with 2n = 18 chromosomes (P. miniata). In spite of the chromosome number and ploidy level relatively lower than other Passiflora taxa, the nuclear genome size of the species with 2n = 18 is relatively higher. So, the karyotype changes (polyploidy, hybridization and disploidy) that wide occur during evolution in Passiflora probably resulted in distinct copy number of the genes related to plant morphogenic process. Therefore, for Passiflora genus is important to simultaneously look some genomic characteristics to understand the in vitro responses.
- ItemToxicidade de extratos diclorometanólicos de Dionaea muscipula Ellis e seu constituinte majoritário, plumbagina, em bioensaios vegetais(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-10-10) Valente, Patrícia Moreira; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; Bernardes, Paula Mauri; Pinheiro, Patrícia Fontes