Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17476

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE/CES Parecer nº 250/2014, portaria nº 187 de 06/03/2015, publicado no DOU de 09/03/2015 seção 1, página 11
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento
Url do curso: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM/detalhes-do-curso?id=1415

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ACESSOS DE Capsicum spp. COM POTENCIAL ORNAMENTAL E RESISTÊNCIA A MÚLTIPLAS DOENÇAS
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-10-15) Alves, Thayllon de Assis; Bento, Cintia dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000000316394166; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4236145191829946; https://orcid.org/000000032478851X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Sudre, Claudia Pombo; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Xavier, Andre da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522
Peppers, belonging to the genus Capsicum L., have been cultivated for a long time in family farming, as it is an easy-to-handle and economically profitable crop, due to its diversification of use. In recent times, peppers have also started to stand out in
ANÁLISE DA ESTRUTURA E DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA DE Paratecoma peroba (Record) Kuhlm. (BIGNONIACEAE), EM REMANESCENTES DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA NA REGIÃO SUL DO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-07-28) Franca, Tabatta Caroline Cerri; Miranda, Fabio Demolinari de; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7759687639548301; https://orcid.org/0000000222337435; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra de; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Junior, Adelson Lemes da Silva; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
Paratecoma peroba (Record) Kuhlm, popularly known as peroba amarela is a deciduous forest species found in seasonal forests of the Atlantic Forest, reaching up 40 m in height. Wood was considered an extremely important commercial product, being used in co
Análise do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico de lodo de esgoto em Allium cepa
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Martins, Maria Nilza Corrêa; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; Lopes, José Carlos; David, José Augusto de Oliveira
The sewage sludge can contain high levels of inorganic and organic compounds with toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Its use in agricultural soils can be studied by the behaviour (or by the development and growth) of the different plant species relating to the toxic effects of this residue in different plant species. In a review it was possible to obtain data from the effects of the transfer of contaminants in soils supplemented with sewage sludge for plants and plants via the food chain. An organism test Allium cepa shows a positive response to this analysis of toxicity, that aimed to study the genetic toxicity of sewage sludge in Allium cepa. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Morphology of the Center for Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), in the municipality of Alegre, using seeds of Allium cepa treated with sludge from the ETE Jerônimo Monteiro and ETE Mulembá. The sludge were analysed with regard to physico-chemical and biological properties, according to the resolution CONAMA 375/2006. For the analysis of toxicity on the seeds of Allium cepa, 5.000 cells per treatment were evaluated by direct contact and trapped the samples and controls. The gross sludge presented physico-chemical results within the limits established by CONAMA resolution 375/2006. Only in the microbiological analysis the sludge of ETE of Jerônimo Monteiro presented fecal coliforms above the limit established by the resolution. For potential toxicity testing the sludge of ETE Jerônimo Monteiro was phytotoxic to raw sewage sludge, cytotoxic and genotoxic for sewage sludge solubilization. The gross sludge of ETE Mulembá presented genotoxic and mutagenic potential, while the sludge solubilized was cytotoxic. The sewage sludge with addition of lime presented potential phytotoxic to raw sludge, and for the sludge solubilized showed genotoxic and cytotoxic effect. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric test of Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05). It is concluded that both sludge have toxic potential, serving warning to their use in agricultural soils, which should be monitored with cytogenetic analyses and control of toxic elements present in its composition.
ANÁLISE FITO-CITOGENOTÓXICA DE CONCENTRAÇÕES AMBIENTALMENTE RELEVANTES DE PESTICIDAS
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-30) Miranda, Luanna Alves; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0969903694890602; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praca; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; Figueiredo, Cintya Aparecida Christofoletti de; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
abstract
Aspectos Computacionais da Estimação e Predição em Modelos Lineares Mistos para Seleção de Híbridos de Milho em Ensaios Premilinares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-30) Marçal, Tiago de Souza; Pastina, Maria Marta; Guimarães, Lauro José Moreira; Ferreira, Adésio; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz; Souza, Tércio da Silva de
Maize (Zea mays L.), is a specie from the Poaceae family, diploid and allogamous. In this culture, there is an increase with the accumulation of heterozygous loci, thus justifying hybrids productions. Due to drastic predictions of climate change and population growth in the coming years, it is necessary to adopt, develop and enhance methods that allow a greater efficiency in the selection and achieve greater genetic progress in crop improvement programs of agriculture importance that can help mitigation of challenges to sustain the food security of this century. Therefore, the objective of this study was to implement the algorithms of first and second derivatives for the REML (restricted maximum likelihood) method in R, generalizable for different mixed linear models and enable incorporate arrays of relationship. Moreover, to evaluate the impact of mathematical simplifications, sparse matrices and different convergence error rates in computational efficiency of these algorithms aiming to minimize the computational cost to enable REML in studies with a great number of maize hybrids and complex models, in computers with simple setup. The experimental data used in this study was obtained from harvest 2013/14 conducted in a randomized block design with five controls and 3352 simple maize hybrids in Embrapa (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) Maize and Sorghum in the city of Sete Lagoas- MG. The analyzed variable was grain yield, which is subjected to analysis using mixed models with and without pedigree of incorporation using different REML algorithms, in R. Computation response evaluated the convergence criteria, error rates convergence, sparse matrices, computers with different processing capabilities, different initial estimates of variance components and increasing number of EM (Expectation Maximization) steps in combined algorithms. The proposed algorithms were equivalent for the tested software (ASReml, Selegen and Ime4) and the estimates of variance components indicating their coherence. Furthermore, the use of sparse matrices in association with the proposed optimizations, reduced the computational cost of the algorithms using coefficients of determination as a convergence criteria and convergence error rate equal to 10-5. The hybrid combination of EM algorithm, in ten steps, with NR (Newton Raphson) reduced the computational cost and increased the average convergence percentage. Although, it was observed that uniform weights for the initial estimates of the variance components should be avoided.
Avaliação da água do Rio Itapemirim/ES : aspectos abióticos e toxicogenéticos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-29) Galter, Iasmini Nicoli; David, José Augusto de Oliveira; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Sousa, Tatiana da Silva; Paes, Marcela Ferreira
Itapemirim river is considered one of the most important water resources of the Espírito Santo. Considering the ecological and socio-economic importance of this water resource, the concern about water quality is crucial, which makes necessary water assessment with approaches that integrate abiotic aspects to toxicogenetics assays. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of Itapemirim river, through analysis of abiotic and toxicogenetics aspects, using as a test organism A. cepa, O. niloticus, and mammalian cell culture. Therefore, we defined four sampling stations along the Itapemirim river, to collect water samples during two periods: high precipitation and dry spell. From the samples were evaluated conductivity (S / cm) water temperature (° C), dissolved oxygen (mg / L) and pH, as well as quantified metals concentration. For Allium cepa assay were performed root growth test and cytogenetic analysis. Micronucleus test and comet assay were made with O. niloticus specimens. MTT test and comet assay were performed with CHO-K1 cells. Most abiotic variables evaluated showed waters from two campaigns are according to CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, as well as most metals. However, Al and Cu levels were above in the water regarding the legislation. Based on the results, it was verified that the compounds present in the waters of these river have the phytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential for the two in vivo and in vitro test organisms. The most significant results were obtained from the RI 03 sample, probably because it is related to the fact that the station is near to urban area of Cachoeiro Itapemirim / ES. It was also noted that the two campaigns conducted showed negative effect on bioassays performed. The data in this study indicate that water quality of Itapemirim river is committed and alert to the risk that domestic and industrial wastewater discharges have on water bodies, especially because of the complex chemical constitution presented.
Avaliação toxicogenética, antioxidante e fitoquímica dos extratos de Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis (Vitaceae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-06-29) Oliveira, Augusto César Santos de; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-5548; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2158304667499789; https://orcid.org/0000000312238836; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4209471405032410; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praca; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; Rocha, Lívia Dorsch; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-6740; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0442083500636100
Cissus verticillata Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis is a plant species widely used by the population in the treatment of diseases. Its use is due to its biological activities, such as its antiglycemic, anticonvulsant, antirheumatic, among others. In view of its importance in folk medicine, it is necessary to evaluate the plant with a toxicogenetic approach, as, even with beneficial characteristics for health, it may have some harmful effect. This work aimed to evaluate the toxicogenetic and antioxidant activities and chemical characterization of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cissus verticillata, using Allium cepa (L.) as test organism. For this, the two types of extracts were characterized and used as treatments in the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity assays, at concentrations of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 12.5 (% v/v). The chemical characterization of the extracts revealed the presence of classes of metabolites such as flavonoids, sugars and tannins. A reduction in A. cepa seed germination was observed at concentrations 100, 75, 50, 25 (% v/v) of the ethanol extract and root growth at all concentrations, except at concentrations 25 and 12.5 (% v /v) of the aqueous extract. The cell cycle of the meristematic cells of A. cepa roots was also affected by the reduction of the Mitotic Index, at the concentrations 75, 50, 25 (% v/v) of the ethanol extract and at the concentration of 100 (% v/v) of the aqueous extract. In the analysis of genotoxic and mutagenic activity, no significant alteration was found. Using the DPPH method, it was possible to identify the antioxidant capacity of the extracts, where the ethanol extract showed a better activity when compared to the aqueous extract, having an EC50 of 364.65 µg.mL-1 and 982.51 µg.mL-1 respectively. The data obtained in this study indicate that the extracts of C. verticillata, even causing changes in the mitotic index did not cause changes in the DNA molecule of the meristematic cells of Allium cepa, this fact may be related to the presence of the antioxidant activity of the extracts due to the presence of of phenolic groups such as flavonoids and tannins. These data contribute to a safer use of the plant by the population at the concentrations tested.
Caracterização bromatológica da polpa desidratada de frutos de Euterpe edulis Mart. e seleção de genótipos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-13) Dias, Natália Caroliny da Silva; Souza, Tércio da Silva de; Ferreira, Adésio; Menini, Luciano; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva
The species Euterpe edulis Martius is characterized by producing a high quantity of fruits that serve as food for birds and mammals during long periods of scarce resources. However, it's estimated that losses are occurring in the diversity of the species due to the forest fragmentation and the intense extractivism of the palm heart produced from the colonization of the country until the present day. Currently, the species is on the list of endangered species. The objective of this work was to chemically characterize the dehydrated pulp of the fruits of 60 E. edulis accessions collected in the southern region of Espírito Santo; evaluate the genetic variability and select genotypes based on chemical characters related to the commercialization of the fruits in order to apply them to the breeding program of the species. Fruits were collected from 60 accessions and analyzed for the following characteristics: moisture, biomass, yield, total acidity (ATT), total soluble solids (TSS), fiber (FIB), lipids (LIP), pH, mineral content (CM), total phenolic compounds (FNT), total anthocyanins (ANT), total flavonols (FLV); protein (PROT); total soluble sugars (AT) and soluble reducing sugars (AR). The Scott-Knott grouping test was performed at 5% probability. For the analysis of the genetic variability between and among the accessions was used.the method of grouping between groups (UPGMA) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The selection index was based on mixed models (REM/BLUP) and the mean rank of Mulamba and Mock. The E.edulis plant materials from southern Espírito Santo showed considerable variation in chemical contents with divergent access within the same locality. The UPGMA group structured the 60 accesses into four groups by the significance obtained by the Mojena method (1977). The genetic distance between the accessions of groups I and II was low indicating high similarity between them. The groups III and IV showed only one access, which diverged from all others. AMOVA was not significant. The accesses that obtained the best predicted gains according to the selection indices were IB3P4, IB3P9, IB3P5, IB3P6 and IB3P1, being able to occupy position of base individuals for crossing in the breeding program of the species.
Caracterização dos constituintes voláteis de espécies do gênero de Sparattanthelium Mart. (Hernandiaceae) e avaliação de fitotoxicidade e citotoxicidade em plantas modelo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-27) Dutra, Quezia Pains; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Pinheiro, Patrícia Fontes; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares
Brazil has been prominent in the production of agrochemicals; however, its use in agriculture has related to the environment and other organisms. The plants are reservoirs of secondary metabolites and may present allelopathic effect, being interesting to be used as bioherbicides. These metabolites can be found in essential oils in basal angiosperms. They have been found to be economically useful, such as groups are used for medicinal purposes and have shown antiproliferative activity in cancerous and antimicrobial cells. However, some species have unknown allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential, such as the genus Sparattanthelium, exclusively neotropical. Few species of this genus have been chemically characterized and the biological potential of the compounds is not known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the essential oils extracted from the leaves of Sparattanthelium botocudorum and Sparattanthelium tupiquinorum in bioassays with the species Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The oils were tested at concentrations of 3000, 1500, 750, 375 and 187.5 ppm. The chemical characterization was performed and the percentage of germinated seeds, the initial development of Lactuca sativa L. and Sorghum bicolor L. seedlings and the changes in the meristematic cycle of L. sativa roots. The major compound of both species was germacrene D (33.2 and 44.8%), followed by bicyclogermacrene (23.4 and 16.9%), ß-element (8.4 and 5.1%), germacrene A (17.7 and 8.7%). Tras-nerolidol (7.7%) was found only in S. botocudorum and ?-Cadinene (15%) in S. tupiquinorum. The phytotoxic assay revealed that the essential oil of both species reduced the root and aerial growth of L. sativa seeds. In S. bicolor it reduced germination and aerial growth. In the cytotoxic assay, the mitotic index and the increase of chromosomal and nuclear alterations resulting from the aneugenic and clastogenic action of the essential oils of S. botocudorum and S. tupiquinorum were observed.
Caracterização genética e do solo em populações nativas de Vochysia bifalcata warm. no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Vianna, Larissa Souza; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis Horn
Vochysia bifalcata is popularly known as Guaricica, is a tree neotropical species whose survival is threatened due to degradation processes of the natural environment and man operation, considered the threat of state they are in, it is necessary to obtain more detailed information the genetic diversity of natural populations of this species, which is possible from studies with microsatellite markers. In this context, the present study was to evaluate objetvo the genetic diversity of Vochysia bifalcata species and characterize soil fertility in two native populations established in Caparaó National Park, ES. Therefore, leaf samples from 28 adult individuals were collected from two native populations of V. bifalta. For transferability test were tested 8 microsatellite primers developed for Qualea grandiflora and 10 designed to Vochysia ferruginea in the genome of individuals to V. bifalcata. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Doyle & Doyle protocol (1990) modified. The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on gel polyacrylamide 10% with 1X TBE buffer. Electrophoresis was performed at constant voltage of 100 W for 5 hours. The markers that generate satisfactory amplifications were then used for the studies and genetic diversity of structure in all 28 individuals sampled. We randomly selected six soil sampling points in each population at depths 0-5; 5-10 e 10-20 cm and chemical analyzes were performed using the methodology proposed by EMBRAPA (1997). The heterologous amplification results for V. ferruginea to V. bifalcata were satisfactory, and then used for statistical analysis and Q. grandiflora for V. bifalcata were satisfactory, however proved to be monomorphic. For starters, V. ferruginea the results showed the average occurrence of 4.85 lleles/locus. In both two populations of seven loci analyzed suggested the presence of null alleles, with significant frequency. The allelic richness were similar between the two populations. The average observed heterozygosity for the population I was 0.434 and population II was 0.355, both distinct from the expected to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average fixation index for the population I was 0.390 and the population II was 0.328, indicating the presence of inbreeding within populations. The average value of Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.608 for the population I and 0.566 for the population II and are considered highly informative. The pair of genotypes (9 and 11) and (5 and 9) were identified as the least dissimilar opulations the population I and II, respectively. The amount of GST (0.079) indicated a moderate genetic differentiation among populations. To AMOVA, 92.86% of the variation was within 12 populations and among populations 7.13%. After analyzing the program, STRUCTURE was possible to define the division into two groups of genotypes. The obtained average gene flow was 2.88 being considered high enough to counteract the effects of genetic drift. These data generate important information about the genetic variability, proving the importance of Caparaó National Park for the species conservation. Soil samples analyzed demonstrated that the fertility of both populations are present and a low acidity, the homogeneity of the soil fertility can be explained by the soil and climatic characteristics similar between the two study populations.
Caracterização molecular de Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan. em fragmentos de floresta atlântica para a seleção de matrizes
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-09-28) Silva, Karla Daniele Araújo da; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos
Caracterização molecular, anatômica e fisiológica de genótipos de Manihot esculenta (Crantz) com subsessilidade foliar
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-14) Cabral, Serli de Oliveira; Xavier, Andre da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3603-9382; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4012167873514652; Otoni, Wagner Campos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-9373; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6132560404570245; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-6634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445
The cassava (Manihot esculenta), commonly known as yuca or manioc, is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and is one of the primary food crops. There is a growing interest in improving cassava for industrial applications, such as the production of biofuels and ethanol, making Active Germplasm Banks (AGBs) essential for conserving and selecting genotypes with desirable agronomic and industrial characteristics. One aspect that has been relatively unexplored is the foliar subsessility phenotype, which is present in certain cassava genotypes. The hypothesis is that these genotypes may offer advantages in field conditions due to their reduced petiole size, leading to a more efficient distribution of assimilates and, consequently, improved productivity. This characteristic can be leveraged in the development of more productive and resistant varieties using gene editing techniques. The objective of this research was to characterize, describe, and compare two cassava genotypes with the foliar subsessility phenotype at the molecular, anatomical, and physiological levels. Molecular, anatomical, and physiological analyses provided valuable information, enhancing the understanding of the implications of this phenotype. The results from field and physiological observations indicate that foliar subsessility in genotypes M1 and M2 influences the plant's canopy architecture, resulting ina "bouquet" configuration with overlapping leaves. This configuration demonstrated higher light capture efficiency, with higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, suggesting greater photosynthetic potential and possibly a higher plant density per hectare. In addition, a unique growth gradient was identified in these subsessile genotypes that require more detailed investigations into the hormonal factors involved in this process. Molecular analyses revealed that, despite similarities in phenotypic patterns, no specific background genetic pattern was identified associated with the foliar subsessility phenotype, indicating that this variation may occur spontaneously in any genotype or variety. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in the anatomy of stabilized short petioles, including the presence of a shell-like structure surrounded by filling/fundamental parenchyma cells and the absence of cambium. These results suggest that the variation found in genotypes with foliar subsessility may be associated with differential responses to edaphoclimatic factors, but further complementary assays are needed for a more comprehensive explanation. Understanding the genetic factors that control this phenotype is crucial for the genetic improvement of the cassava crop. Additional research at the transcriptome and proteome levels of these genotypes can contribute to mapping the genetic factors responsible for the subsessility phenotype, paving the way for expanding the potential of this crop through Innovative Techniques in Precision Breeding (ITPBs).
Caracterização molecular, morfofisiológica e fitoquímica de Varronia curassavica do Sul do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-24) Grancieri, Natália; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Passos, Julianana de Lanna
The use of plants for medicinal purposes is one of the oldest forms of medical practice of mankind. In Brazil, the consumption of plants for medicinal purposes and in herbal medicines is increasing in all social classes and has received various incentives. To optimize the use of medicinal plants become important studies on genetic variability, as it has done the genetic and breeding programs trying to select superior genotypes. This requires performing their characterization using descriptors such as agronomic, morphological, biochemical and molecular. One of the concerns is the uniform production of secondary metabolites and understand the factors that can influence it. Among the various species of medicinal plants known in Brazil, is the curassavica Varronia, which despite its pharmacological and economic potential, yet little is known about their genetic diversity of natural populations. Thus, this study aimed to characterize genotypes of different native peoples of southern Espirito Santo, with variations of altitude, and thus compare them with pre-improved materials purchased from the State University of Campinas (Unicamp). Were collected from each plant, branches to be held vegetative propagation. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and then conducted molecular analyzes, physiological, morphological and physiological and phytochemical. It was found that in this experiment was low experimental precision. According to an estimated variation index (VI), there are variables that can be used to genotype selection. The heritability of most variables were medium to high. In clusters the variables of greater relative contribution were: AFT, SLA, LAI, FLA, CLT, CAB, A, gs, A / gs. A new grouping based on nine variables of relative contribution and so were formed three groups, the AFT being, AFE and the FLA that had the greatest contribution to the genetic divergence was conducted. When compared this group to the grouping performed by molecular markers, there was no identical or similar groups. In clusters, the genotypes are not grouped based on local collections of close or similar altitudes.
Caracterização morfoagronômica e molecular de feijão comum
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-31) Alves, Ludimila Pimenta; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Moulin, Monique Moreira; Zago, Hugo Bolsoni
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important legume for the world population to be supplier of protein. The modernization of agriculture has caused the loss of genetic diversity bean. The activities of collection and characterization of germplasm possible to know regional genotypes and contribute to minimize the loss of genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to characterize 20 bean genotypes of germplasm bank of the Plant Production Department of School of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, through morphological markers, living with spiderwort and molecular markers. They used commercial genotypes 5 and 15 regional acquired from family farmers in the Alegre county, Espírito Santo, Caparaó Capixaba region. Morphoagronomic analyzes were performed, analysis of coexistence with the weed Commelina diffusa and molecular analysis using 9 ISSR primers. The results showed that there was complete agreement between the groupings made by the qualitative and molecular characters. There is a significant genetic diversity in the sample bean genotypes from the Alegre county, Espirito Santo, Capixaba Caparaó region (regional), but between commercial genotypes, diversity is relatively narrow. Commercial cultivars showed little dissimilarity between themselves. The spiderwort can influence the development of the bean, and the cultivars may exhibit different behavior in relation to coexistence. The morphoagronomic and molecular characterization were effective in differentiating the genotypes and both accessions were considered distinct
Caracterização morfoagronômica, bromatológica e molecular de germoplasma de capsicum spp
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-07-31) Brilhante, Bruna Dias Gomes; Bento, Cíntia dos Santos; Moulin, Monique Moreira; Pirovani, Daiani Bernado
Chilli peppers of the genus Capsicum have economic, nutritional and social significance. The existence of detailed information on the potential of use of the accesses is fundamental for the improvement of plants. In order to begin the development of a breeding program it is necessary to have divergent genetic material, and estimates of genetic diversity are known to better exploit these genetic differences. The objective of this study was to characterize and estimate the genetic diversity among 69 accessions of Capsicum spp. The accessions were collected from Espírito Santo farmers and family agriculture fairs in that state, as well as donations from the UENF (State University of Norte Fluminense). The germplasm collection of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (Ifes ), Alegre Campus. The experimental design was a randomized block with 69 treatments and four replications, totaling 276 plants. We used 39 morphoagronomic descriptors (25 qualitative and 14 quantitative), six chemical descriptors and ten Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) for molecular characterization. The qualitative variables were submitted to descriptive analysis through fashion and the quantitative and bromatological descriptors submitted to variance analysis, Scott-Knott's grouping of means (1974) and relative importance of characteristics by the method of Singh (1981). The distance matrix of the quantitative variables was obtained by the Mahalanobis distance and the qualitative data by means of the hierarchical methods. To obtain the genetic dissimilarity matrix, based on the ISSR loci, the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard Index was used. Subsequently, a joint analysis of the quantitative and qualitative morphoagronomic variables was performed by Gower algorithm, a cluster for bromatological analysis and another for molecular analysis. Variation was observed for most qualitative characters. For the quantitative morphoagronomic characters and bromatological parameters a significant variation of values was also observed. The ISSR markers were efficient to detect the genetic variability between the accesses, being the marker UENF 04 the most polymorphic. Based on the morphoagronomic, bromatological and molecular characterizations, it was possible to verify high phenotypic and genotypic variability, and all the accesses obtained were considered different. No correlation was detected between the geographic distances and the genetic distances, configuring a lack of structuring between the genetic variability and the collection site, which can be explained by the practice of constant exchanges between the rural producers of the region. The IFCA 31 and IFCA 40 accessions were considered promising for a plant breeding program for ornamental purposes because they presented lower plant height and crown diameter. The IFCA 8 and IFCA 28 accessions of the food processing industry, since they have higher values of soluble solids, implying better sensory characteristics (flavor and aroma). The ISSR markers were efficient to access the genetic variability of the pepper accessions, being possible to observe some correspondences with the morphoagronomic and bromatological characterizations.
Caracterização morfofisiológica de populações de conilon provenientes de progenitores contrastantes para tolerância à seca
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-07-12) Silva, Francisco Davi da; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos; Sobreira, Franciele Barros de Souza; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar
The objective of this study was to study two populations from crosses of Coffea canephora var. Conilon (76-tolerant x 4-susceptible and 76x48-foldable) in relation to drought tolerance, by examining variations in a set of morphological, photosynthetic and compound concentrations in leaf tissues when subjected to drought in order to identify superior genotypes and select the most discriminatory variables for drought tolerance. The experiment was conducted without irrigation, at the Incaper Experimental Farm, in Marilândia - ES. The evaluations occurred in July / 2015, December / 2015 and April / 2016, the latter being the most critical drought period. Clone 76 showed superiority among the progenitor clones, and the population (pop.) 76x04 had better morphophysiological characteristics, compared to pop. 76x48, with a higher concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, less reduction in total leaf area, photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transport rate of electrons (ETS). It also showed lower efficiency of water use (A/gs), which indicates greater effective water use. There was great variability between and within populations. The grouping analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), where 14 groups were found in July / 2015 and April / 2016 and 16 groups in December / 2015 for pop. 76x48, and seven groups in July and December / 2015, and six groups in April 2016 for pop. 76x04. By comparing the means of the groups obtained, we identified groups 9 and 10 of pop. 76x48, and groups 2 and 5 of pop. 76x04 as superior for drought tolerance. The specific leaf area (AFE), trait length (EC), ETR, A, gs and A / gs were the most important variables to discriminate individuals / groups regarding performance under water stress conditions.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA, REPRODUTIVA E GENÔMICA EM INDIVÍDUOS DE Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (Myrtaceae) COM DIFERENTES CONTEÚDOS DE DNA
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-04-04) Santos, Suelane Costa dos; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praca; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; Sattler, Mariana Cansian; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Machado, Raquel Moura
abstract
Citogenética e citometria de fluxo de espécies de Dorstenia (Moraceae) endêmicas da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-27) Fernandes, Alda Francisca Rodrigues de Sousa; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; David, José Augusto de Oliveira
Moraceae comprises latescentes plant tree size as the fig trees (Ficus), shrub species as Sorocea, or herbaceous species as Dorstenia species. The Dorstenia is the only herbaceous within the family, with about 105 species, and it has active ingredients linked to several therapeutic functions. Besides the medical use, the "carapiás", as popularly known, the Dorstenia species also have a high potential as ornamental plants. Some studies involving systematic, phylogeny, molecular and phytochemical are reported to some species of Dorstenia. However, there are few reports about the cythogenetic data and DNA content in the gender, probably due to the difficulty to find natural populations in the field and the vulnerable situation that affects most species.Cytomorphological data associated with the DNA 2C value can generate information on the chromosomal evolution and cooperate with systematic and taxonomic aspects of a group. That being said, the objective of this study was to characterize, by using cytogenetics and flow cytometry, three species of Dorstenia:. D. arifolia Lam., D. bonijesu Carauta & C. Valente and D. elata Hook. For this, the chromosomal number was determined, morphometric and intrachromosomal asymmetry (A2) parameters were established and nuclear DNA content was measured. The plant material was collected in Mata das Flores, ES. To cytogenetics, roots were obtained by using the hydroponic system, treated with APM in the concentrations of 3, 4 and 5 uM, for 16 to 18 h and fixed in methanol: acetic acid (3:1), for later digestion, coloring and observation of the slides. For flow cytometry young individuals were colected. The leaves were used as material of analysis to quantify the nuclear DNA content. The Cytogenetic methodology allowed to obtain suitable material for analysis. It was found 32 chromosomes and it was possible to mount the first karyogram to the three species. With the morphometric data, the classification of chromosomes was determined and the differences were confirmed between the three karyotypes. The A2 asymmetry index varied between the species: D. bonijesu showed A2 = 0.16, followed by D. arifolia A2 = 0.14 and D. elata A2 = 0.13. The flow cytometric analysis allowed to measure the nuclear DNA content of 2C = 3.49 picograms (pg) for D. elata, 2C = 4.05 pg for D. bonijesu , and 2C = 5.47 pg for D. arifolia. Despite of the fact that the three species have the same chromosome number (2n = 32), the DNA content values obtained by flow cytometry and the results of the asymmetric index were different. According to the A2 values and data described in the literature D. elata can be the species more derivative in relation to D. bonijesu and D. arifolia, for having the lowest asymmetry index, and the lowest content of nuclear DNA. Therefore, the present research data allowed to characterize, for the first time, three species of Dorstenia, contributing to different areas such as ecology, phylogeny, systematics and evolution.
Comparação de Modelos Genético-estatisticos para Seleção de Híbridos de Milho em Ensaios Preliminares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-30) Guilhen, José Henrique Soler; Guimarães, Lauro José Moreira; Pastina, Maria Marta; Ferreira, Adésio; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz; Souza, Tércio da Silva de
Comportamento diferencial dos níveis de metilação global da citosina entre genótipos de goiabeiras em um ciclo de produção
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-09-28) Alves, Luziane Brandão; Passos, Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Arêdes, Fernanda de Abreu Santana; Clarindo, Wellington Ronildo
The chromatin structure allows the gene content to be accessed according to its compaction degree. Modifications in chromatin condensation can be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms in eukaryotic organisms. Epigenetics is understood by changes in chromatin without altering the base sequence of the genetic material, resulting in modifications in gene expression, besides has strong environmental influence. There are different epigenetic mechanisms reported for others studies of which, DNA methylation consisting of the methyl group addition in the fifth carbon of the cytosine base, forming 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) has shown a notoriety in studies due to a higher amount of cytosines at the promoter regions of the genes. The overall methylation profile of cytosine may reveal epigenetic influence at different stages of development or of genotypes through the responses presented by organisms or some experienced factor. In this study, the guava - Psidium guajava L., a fruit from Myrtaceae family with nutritional, economic importance and of broad edaphoclimatic adaptation was studied. Plant development results in changes in organism responses throughout the life cycle and may be associated with epigenetic mechanisms. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the 5-mC profile in adult guava trees at different stages of vegetative and reproductive development during a production cycle. Additionally, we studied the differential response of genotypes in relation to the 5-mC global profile, as well as its variation in different organs of the plant. The 5-mC percentage in 22 guava genotypes was quantified during five phases of the culture development by HighEfficiency Liquid Chromatography and later carried out studies in the differential organs through the genome global analysis. In the general averages analysis after quantification, there was no significant difference in the overall 5-mC profile between developmental phases. However, for vegetative stages (Post-pruning and Postharvesting) was observed values with more variation in the percentage of 5-mC when it was compared with the reproductive phases (flowering, fruiting and harvesting) that presented more homogeneous values. Among the genotypes, was observed a variation of the general mean in the 5-mC content ranging from 16.34% to 26.19%, especially the Sassaoka genotype, which presented the highest percentage of 5-mC during the developmental stages, with the exception of the post-harvest period. It was possible to notice that ten guava genotypes interacted with the development phases analyzed. Considering the plant organs, no significant differences were found between them. The analysis of the global methylation profile in guava allowed to understand and detect epigenetic changes in DNA sequence due to different stages of development, as well as genotype-dependent variation, highlighting the importance of these mechanisms in guava phenotype, more pronounced in the vegetative phase

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