Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE/CES Parecer nº 250/2014, portaria nº 187 de 06/03/2015, publicado no DOU de 09/03/2015 seção 1, página 11
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento
Url do curso: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM/detalhes-do-curso?id=1415
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- ItemMelhoramento genético de palmeiras: validação metodológica de técnicas de descontaminação em culturas de embriões zigóticos e sua influência na atividade morfogenética sob efeito de indutores auxínicos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-28) Batista, Bianca Gomes; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9341641835930130; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Oliveira, Luciano Bestete; https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7936-1716; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3804137581808134Aseptic conditions are necessary to prevent contaminations that occur in vitro, whether in instruments, containers, or pure culture media. For this purpose, chemical and physical disinfectant agents are used to eliminate microorganisms. Polyethylene Petri dishes are disposable, generating solid waste and, consequently, trash. Therefore, it is necessary to create effective protocols for decontaminating this material, aiming at reuse and waste reduction. Culture media are typically sterilized using autoclaving. However, certain growth regulators (GR) from the auxin group degrade in the presence of high temperatures, raising doubts about the chemical stability of other GR belonging to this group. The objective of this work was to create sterilization methods for polyethylene Petri dishes and culture media with different auxin inducers, using zygotic embryos from the palm trees Euterpe edulis, Euterpe edulis Santa Marta ecotype, and Euterpe oleracea as test plants. Experimento 1 was conducted in a 4x4 factorial design (Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl): 0, 6, 12, 24 hours x Ultraviolet light (UV): 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 hours), with four replicates of 10 Petri dishes each. Experiment 2 was carried out with three UV light treatments (4, 6, 10 hours), with four replicates of eight Petri dishes each. Experiment 3 was conducted in a 2x5 factorial design (Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC): 0, 24 hours x UV: 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 hours), with four replicates of eight Petri dishes each. Experiment 4 was conducted in a 2x3 factorial design (MS: non-autoclaved, autoclaved x UV light distance: 10, 30, 50 cm), with four replicates of five Petri dishes each. Experiment 5 was carried out with five UV light treatments (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours), with four replicates of eight Petri dishes each. Experiment 6 was conducted in a 3x4 factorial design (Palms: Euterpe edulis; Euterpe edulis Santa Marta ecotype; Euterpe oleracea x filtered picloram; filtered triclopyr; autoclaved picloram; autoclaved triclopyr). The combination of NaDCC (24 hours) and UV (3 hours) exposure is ideal for achieving effective elimination of microorganisms in disposable Petri dishes. The combination of NaDCC (24 hours) and UV (3 hours) exposure is ideal for achieving effective elimination of microorganisms in disposable Petri dishes. The use of Petri dishes disinfected with NaDCC (1%) for 24 hours, containing both autoclaved and non-autoclaved medium, showed that a distance of 50 cm resulted in absence or low rates of contaminations. The sterilization protocol for culture media and Petri dishes using NaDCC and UV light resulted in the absence or low incidence of contaminations. The species exhibited different behaviors under the influence of the same concentrations of growth regulators; the study revealed that E. edulis and E. edulis Santa Marta ecotype showed a higher responsiveness to somatic embryogenesis induction compared to the species E. oleracea.
- ItemCaracterização molecular, anatômica e fisiológica de genótipos de Manihot esculenta (Crantz) com subsessilidade foliar(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-14) Cabral, Serli de Oliveira; Xavier, Andre da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3603-9382; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4012167873514652; Otoni, Wagner Campos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-9373; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6132560404570245; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-6634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445The cassava (Manihot esculenta), commonly known as yuca or manioc, is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and is one of the primary food crops. There is a growing interest in improving cassava for industrial applications, such as the production of biofuels and ethanol, making Active Germplasm Banks (AGBs) essential for conserving and selecting genotypes with desirable agronomic and industrial characteristics. One aspect that has been relatively unexplored is the foliar subsessility phenotype, which is present in certain cassava genotypes. The hypothesis is that these genotypes may offer advantages in field conditions due to their reduced petiole size, leading to a more efficient distribution of assimilates and, consequently, improved productivity. This characteristic can be leveraged in the development of more productive and resistant varieties using gene editing techniques. The objective of this research was to characterize, describe, and compare two cassava genotypes with the foliar subsessility phenotype at the molecular, anatomical, and physiological levels. Molecular, anatomical, and physiological analyses provided valuable information, enhancing the understanding of the implications of this phenotype. The results from field and physiological observations indicate that foliar subsessility in genotypes M1 and M2 influences the plant's canopy architecture, resulting ina "bouquet" configuration with overlapping leaves. This configuration demonstrated higher light capture efficiency, with higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, suggesting greater photosynthetic potential and possibly a higher plant density per hectare. In addition, a unique growth gradient was identified in these subsessile genotypes that require more detailed investigations into the hormonal factors involved in this process. Molecular analyses revealed that, despite similarities in phenotypic patterns, no specific background genetic pattern was identified associated with the foliar subsessility phenotype, indicating that this variation may occur spontaneously in any genotype or variety. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in the anatomy of stabilized short petioles, including the presence of a shell-like structure surrounded by filling/fundamental parenchyma cells and the absence of cambium. These results suggest that the variation found in genotypes with foliar subsessility may be associated with differential responses to edaphoclimatic factors, but further complementary assays are needed for a more comprehensive explanation. Understanding the genetic factors that control this phenotype is crucial for the genetic improvement of the cassava crop. Additional research at the transcriptome and proteome levels of these genotypes can contribute to mapping the genetic factors responsible for the subsessility phenotype, paving the way for expanding the potential of this crop through Innovative Techniques in Precision Breeding (ITPBs).
- ItemÓleo essencial de Lavandula hybrida Reverchon no controle da antracnose em frutos do gênero Capsicum(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-05-15) Silva, Mateus Mendes da; Bento, Cintia dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000000316394166; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4236145191829946; https://orcid.org/0000000335610397; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1774047030676800; Moraes, Willian Bucker; https://orcid.org/0000000174787772; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6727861982577995; Moulin, Monique Moreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-4835; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8654999153826715The misuse of synthetic products in agriculture causes damage to the environment and human health, which leads to the search for less harmful compounds to the environment and to man. Studies with natural products prove the efficiency of essential oils in controlling diseases in agricultural crops, it is possible to reduce production costs, preserve the environment and reduce chemical contamination in food. The objective of this work was to characterize, chemically the essential oil of lavandin and evaluate the efficiency of the oil, as well as its major compounds, in the control of Colletotrichum scovillei in vitro and in vivo, in fruits of peppers of the genus Capsicum. The properties and major substance(s) of lavandin essential oil were identified through chemical analysis. The efficiency of the essential oil in the control of C. scovillei, was evaluated from preliminary tests in vitro, using the concentrations of 1 µl/mL, 4 µl/mL, 8 µl/mL, 12 µl/mL, 16 µl/mL, 20 µl/mL and 24 µl/mL in order to determine the inhibitory concentrations to the fungus. The essential oil was used in the form of an emulsion. The best results were used for the in vivo assay. As a positive control for the development of anthracnose, a commercial fungicide was used, recommended for culture, Azoxystrobin (200 g/L) + Difenoconazole (125 g/L), in the Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation, as a negative control, the emulsifier Tween 80 was used. In this step, five fruits in the immature stage of Capsicum spp. of the Ikeda cultivar, susceptible to anthracnose. After applying the emulsions, the fruits were pierced with the aid of a needle, to facilitate penetration of the fungus into the fruits and inoculated with a suspension of 1.0 x 106 conidia/mL. After inoculation, the fruits were placed in a humid chamber and kept at room temperature. After obtaining data on the inhibition of mycelial growth of C. scovillei in the in vitro test and the severity of the disease in the in vivo test, statistical analyzes that best represent the data were performed. Chemical analysis of lavandin essential oil revealed the predominance of chemical compounds linalool and linalool acetate. Lavandin essential oil and the major compounds linalool and linalool acetate were effective in controlling C. scovillei, under in vitro conditions, at concentrations 4.00 µL/mL, 1.45 µL/mL and 24 µL/mL, respectively. Linalool was more effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. 10 scovillei, presenting the lowest CIs (CI 50 and CI 90). With the results obtained, it was possible to detect the inefficiency of lavandin essential oil in controlling the growth of C. scovillei in Capsicum fruits, of the Ikeda cultivar. Therefore further studies are needed: suitable protocols for emulsion storage, its mechanisms of action to ensure effectiveness of this ecologically correct product in antifungal control and use of higher concentrations.
- ItemEstrutura filogenética de habitat em gradiente topográfico na floresta atlântica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-13) Botacim, Luciana Aparecida; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000000283660738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0479854777557016; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4260-9346; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1086649148650349; Diniz, Écio Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-6571; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4486399846318757; Silveira, Thamyres Cardoso da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-503X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4411732208380218Setting the connection between the evolutionary history of species and topographic variation will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms of organization of biological communities along topographic gradients. However, little is known about this relationship between the evolutionary history of species and topographic gradients in the tropics. In this study, we evaluated how the evolutionary history of species contributes to the organization of local communities along topographic gradients. The study was conducted in a tropical forest fragment in southeastern Brazil. Species composition (115 in total) was obtained from surveying 100 plots (10m x 10m) along a topographic gradient. We grouped the plots into four habitats along the gradient: Valley, South slope, North slope, and Ridge. Phylogenetic distance indices were calculated for the different topographic elevations, the metrics of sesMPD and sesMNTD, which define the degree of relatedness between species (weighted and unweighted by abundances) and the phylogenetic diversity defined by the metric sesPD. We found greater phylogenetic diversity at the Ridge. The standardized phylogenetic metrics indicated significant values for phylogenetic patterns considering only the presence and absence of species. Contrary to expectations, Valley presented a phylogenetic clustering, i.e., that is, a community composed mainly of phylogenetically closer species. Ridge showed overdispersion, i.e. that is, a community with a predominance of phylogenetically more distant species. We did not find significant values indicating phylogenetic patterns in the structure of the community when weighing the weight of abundance. This suggests that it is more likely that environmental filtering is acting more strongly to organize the understory of this tropical community. Our findings demonstrate that the evolutionary history of species plays an important role in structuring tropical communities along topographic gradients.
- ItemEfeitos da deriva simulada do glifosato sobre a fotossíntese de genótipos de Coffea canephora(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-12-23) Silva Junior, Genilson Tadeu; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2963-7673; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029279967950425; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8156910226009340; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-8007; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7662111330884819; Silva, Josimar Aleixo da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6921-6043; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6561846840301222Glyphosate is the main herbicide used to manage weeds in coffee growing. However, glyphosate drift can cause intoxication of coffee trees, with negative effects on photosynthesis, growth and production. However, studies have also shown that underdoses of glyphosate can have hormetic (stimulatory) effects in several crops. Thus, the present study simulated the drift of subdoses of glyphosate in three genotypes of Coffea canephora and investigated the effects on photosynthesis. The experiment was carried out with plants after 4 four years of planting grown under field conditions in Cachoeiro Itapemirim-ES. The three sub-doses of glyphosate (0, 36, 360 g.i.a.ha-¹, which corresponds to 0, 5 and 50% of the recommended dose) were applied directly to the aerial part of the coffee tree. The genotypes treated were: 120 of the 'Robustão Capixaba' variety, 104 of the 'Diamante' variety and 304 of the 'Centenária' variety. Data on gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll content were evaluated 7 and 15 days after application (DAA) and phytotoxicity symptoms were verified at 7, 15 and 21 DAA. Regardless of the genotype, with 7 DAA, mature leaves that received the herbicide application at a dose of 36 g i.a. ha-¹, when compared with the control, showed a higher (stimulus) net CO2 assimilation rate (23.4%), stomatal conductance (26.9%) and transpiration (29.2%). The photosynthesis stimulus was transitory, not being verified 15 DAA. However, when treated with the highest dose (360 g.i.a.ha-¹), 7 DAA showed decreases in net CO2 assimilation rate (20.3%), stomatal conductance (35.9%) and transpiration (25. 9%). Regardless of the dose, young leaves showed symptoms of phytotoxicity with 7 DAA, symptoms were not evident in mature leaves. It is concluded that the hormetic effect of glyphosate on photosynthesis in C. canephora genotypes should be interpreted with caution as it occurred temporarily. Furthermore, the symptoms of phytotoxicity presented in young leaves of plants treated with the herbicide may limit the photosynthetic capacity after complete expansion of the leaf blade.