Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE/CES Parecer nº 250/2014, portaria nº 187 de 06/03/2015, publicado no DOU de 09/03/2015 seção 1, página 11
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento
Url do curso: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM/detalhes-do-curso?id=1415
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- ItemAvaliação de genótipos de aceroleira para o sul do estado do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-07-30) Ramos, Isabela Bolari; Esposti, Marlon Dutra Degli ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0033-6105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5353884761100155; Senra, João Felipe de Brites ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-2821; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2268398576674753; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8218-4320; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3196329481028035; Ferreira, Adésio ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-1725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Souza, Flávio de França ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-2666; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2123041862653373; Rodrigues, Wagner Nunes ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-0040; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0154094974905867; Caetano, Luiz Carlos Santos ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5243374838721566The acerola tree (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) is a tropical fruit tree widely cultivated in Brazil, notable for the extremely high vitamin C content of its fruits. Despite the growth of the crop and the establishment of regional hubs, such as Espírito Santo, studies evaluating the agronomic and functional performance of genotypes in relation to local soil and climate conditions are scarce. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to evaluate the behavior of different acerola genotypes regarding vegetative growth, productivity, and the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits, with a view to identifying adapted materials with potential for fresh consumption and industrial processing in the conditions of the southern region of Espírito Santo. In the first chapter, vegetative growth rates were estimated using nonlinear regression models. The logistic model proved most efficient in describing the sigmoidal growth pattern of the species. The genotypes "BRS Apodi" and "Uel03" stood out, indicating greater vegetative height, while "BRS Sertaneja," "Junko," and "Monami" showed faster growth. The second chapter evaluated productivity over seven months of harvest using mixed REML/BLUP models, which allowed for the prediction of individual, monthly, and cumulative genetic values of the cultivars. The genotypes "Uel03," "Prog 052," "Junko," and "BRS Apodi" presented the highest predicted genetic values and yield estimates per hectare, surpassing traditional cultivars such as "BRS Sertaneja" and "Okinawa." The third chapter analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits over seven evaluation cycles, including diameter, pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, the ratio of total soluble solids to total titratable acidity (ratio), and vitamin C. The genotypes "BRS Jaburu" and "Uel03" presented higher pH, lower titratable acidity, and a high ratio, ideal for fresh consumption. On the other hand, "Junko," "Okinawa," and "BRS Sertaneja" presented higher acidity and high vitamin C levels, constituting alternatives for industrial purposes. Thus, it is concluded that there is broad genetic diversity among the genotypes evaluated, with promising materials for both fresh consumption and the processing industry. The results obtained guide regional commercial and production recommendations, in addition to reaffirming the importance of genetics as a tool for the agronomic and functional valorization of the acerola tree
- ItemIndução embriogênica com glutationa em genótipos de Euterpe edulis Martius: implicações para o melhoramento genético e conservação(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-07-30) Santos, Emanuelle Bezerra dos; Mello, Tamyris de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1189-5404; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9519462640256364; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-6773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3424-7783; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4047942662765202 ; Ferreira, Adésio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-1725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Oliveira, Luciano Bestete; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7936-1716; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3804137581808134Euterpe edulis Martius, is an endangered palm species from the Mata Atlântica Biome, faces threats due to predatory exploitation, low natural regeneration, and limited seed propagation. In vitro cultivation techniques, such as somatic embryogenesis (SE), offer efficient alternatives for the multiplication and conservation of the species. This study aimed to develop an SE protocol for two genotypes of E. edulis (Juçara and Santa Marta), using picloram (150 µM) as an inducer in combination with reduced glutathione - GSH (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 mM). Zygotic embryos, used as explants, were kept in the induction process for 120 days in MS medium (MURASHIGE; SKOOG, 1962) in the absence of light. The evaluated parameters included oxidation (%), callogenesis (%), callus area (mm²), callus mass (mg), induction percentage (%), and number of SE per plate (%). In Juçara, 0.25 mM GSH resulted in low oxidation (3.33%) and a larger callus area (0.5887 mm²), while in Santa Marta, it led to a larger callus area (0.6152 mm²), higher mass (0.2420 g), and a greater number of SE per plate (84.76). It was concluded that GSH at a concentration of 0.25 mM, combined with picloram (150 µM), is the most effective for inducing somatic embryogenesis in both genotypes, representing an advancement for the conservation and genetic improvement of the species.
- ItemMoringa oleifera Lam: caracterização molecular(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-12-15) Silva, Ronei Costa; Burak, Diego Lang; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-3517; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2501042964619476; Bento, Cintia dos Santos ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1639-4166; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4236145191829946; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8920-7789; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7091004633430310; Moulin, Monique Moreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-4835; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8654999153826715; Sudré, Cláudia Pombo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3658-1228; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4185732042391423Moringa oleifera Lam is a medium-sized tree belonging to the Moringaceae family, native to South Asia. It is popular in different parts of the world for its diverse nutritional and medicinal uses. Moringa is cultivated in various parts of the world and is well adapted in many regions, which provides greater variability of the species. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity among 10 genotypes of M. oleifera using 15 ISSR primers and 20 SSR primers. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES) Alegre campus and at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Alegre campus. The material was collected and donated. The seeds were sown in 290 cm³ tubes containing commercial substrate in order to generate seedlings to obtain plant material for molecular characterization. For the evaluation of genetic diversity, 10 genotypes of M. oleifera were analyzed. When the seedlings presented two to four pairs of definitive leaves, they were collected for DNA extraction using the Doyle and Doyle protocol adapted by the IAC. The genetic distance matrix was estimated through quantitative variables based on the Standardized Average Euclidean distance, and the genotypes were grouped using the Unweighted Paired Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) and validated using the cophenetic correlation coefficient. These procedures were performed for both SSR and ISSR primers. With the results obtained, it was possible to identify the formation of three distinct groups using the ISSR marker and the formation of four distinct groups using the SSR primers. In this work, it was possible to estimate the genetic variability among the studied genotypes, making it possible to make genotypes available for future M. oleifera genetic improvement programs. The ISSR primers were more efficient in discriminating the collected genotypes
- ItemMelhoramento genético de palmeiras: validação metodológica de técnicas de descontaminação em culturas de embriões zigóticos e sua influência na atividade morfogenética sob efeito de indutores auxínicos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-28) Batista, Bianca Gomes; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9341641835930130; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Oliveira, Luciano Bestete; https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7936-1716; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3804137581808134Aseptic conditions are necessary to prevent contaminations that occur in vitro, whether in instruments, containers, or pure culture media. For this purpose, chemical and physical disinfectant agents are used to eliminate microorganisms. Polyethylene Petri dishes are disposable, generating solid waste and, consequently, trash. Therefore, it is necessary to create effective protocols for decontaminating this material, aiming at reuse and waste reduction. Culture media are typically sterilized using autoclaving. However, certain growth regulators (GR) from the auxin group degrade in the presence of high temperatures, raising doubts about the chemical stability of other GR belonging to this group. The objective of this work was to create sterilization methods for polyethylene Petri dishes and culture media with different auxin inducers, using zygotic embryos from the palm trees Euterpe edulis, Euterpe edulis Santa Marta ecotype, and Euterpe oleracea as test plants. Experimento 1 was conducted in a 4x4 factorial design (Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl): 0, 6, 12, 24 hours x Ultraviolet light (UV): 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 hours), with four replicates of 10 Petri dishes each. Experiment 2 was carried out with three UV light treatments (4, 6, 10 hours), with four replicates of eight Petri dishes each. Experiment 3 was conducted in a 2x5 factorial design (Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC): 0, 24 hours x UV: 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 hours), with four replicates of eight Petri dishes each. Experiment 4 was conducted in a 2x3 factorial design (MS: non-autoclaved, autoclaved x UV light distance: 10, 30, 50 cm), with four replicates of five Petri dishes each. Experiment 5 was carried out with five UV light treatments (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours), with four replicates of eight Petri dishes each. Experiment 6 was conducted in a 3x4 factorial design (Palms: Euterpe edulis; Euterpe edulis Santa Marta ecotype; Euterpe oleracea x filtered picloram; filtered triclopyr; autoclaved picloram; autoclaved triclopyr). The combination of NaDCC (24 hours) and UV (3 hours) exposure is ideal for achieving effective elimination of microorganisms in disposable Petri dishes. The combination of NaDCC (24 hours) and UV (3 hours) exposure is ideal for achieving effective elimination of microorganisms in disposable Petri dishes. The use of Petri dishes disinfected with NaDCC (1%) for 24 hours, containing both autoclaved and non-autoclaved medium, showed that a distance of 50 cm resulted in absence or low rates of contaminations. The sterilization protocol for culture media and Petri dishes using NaDCC and UV light resulted in the absence or low incidence of contaminations. The species exhibited different behaviors under the influence of the same concentrations of growth regulators; the study revealed that E. edulis and E. edulis Santa Marta ecotype showed a higher responsiveness to somatic embryogenesis induction compared to the species E. oleracea.
- ItemCaracterização molecular, anatômica e fisiológica de genótipos de Manihot esculenta (Crantz) com subsessilidade foliar(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-14) Cabral, Serli de Oliveira; Xavier, Andre da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3603-9382; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4012167873514652; Otoni, Wagner Campos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-9373; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6132560404570245; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-6634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445The cassava (Manihot esculenta), commonly known as yuca or manioc, is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and is one of the primary food crops. There is a growing interest in improving cassava for industrial applications, such as the production of biofuels and ethanol, making Active Germplasm Banks (AGBs) essential for conserving and selecting genotypes with desirable agronomic and industrial characteristics. One aspect that has been relatively unexplored is the foliar subsessility phenotype, which is present in certain cassava genotypes. The hypothesis is that these genotypes may offer advantages in field conditions due to their reduced petiole size, leading to a more efficient distribution of assimilates and, consequently, improved productivity. This characteristic can be leveraged in the development of more productive and resistant varieties using gene editing techniques. The objective of this research was to characterize, describe, and compare two cassava genotypes with the foliar subsessility phenotype at the molecular, anatomical, and physiological levels. Molecular, anatomical, and physiological analyses provided valuable information, enhancing the understanding of the implications of this phenotype. The results from field and physiological observations indicate that foliar subsessility in genotypes M1 and M2 influences the plant's canopy architecture, resulting ina "bouquet" configuration with overlapping leaves. This configuration demonstrated higher light capture efficiency, with higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, suggesting greater photosynthetic potential and possibly a higher plant density per hectare. In addition, a unique growth gradient was identified in these subsessile genotypes that require more detailed investigations into the hormonal factors involved in this process. Molecular analyses revealed that, despite similarities in phenotypic patterns, no specific background genetic pattern was identified associated with the foliar subsessility phenotype, indicating that this variation may occur spontaneously in any genotype or variety. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in the anatomy of stabilized short petioles, including the presence of a shell-like structure surrounded by filling/fundamental parenchyma cells and the absence of cambium. These results suggest that the variation found in genotypes with foliar subsessility may be associated with differential responses to edaphoclimatic factors, but further complementary assays are needed for a more comprehensive explanation. Understanding the genetic factors that control this phenotype is crucial for the genetic improvement of the cassava crop. Additional research at the transcriptome and proteome levels of these genotypes can contribute to mapping the genetic factors responsible for the subsessility phenotype, paving the way for expanding the potential of this crop through Innovative Techniques in Precision Breeding (ITPBs).