Mestrado em Biodiversidade Tropical

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17603

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início:
Conceito atual na CAPES:
Ato normativo:
Periodicidade de seleção:
Área(s) de concentração:
Url do curso:

Navegar

Navegando Mestrado em Biodiversidade Tropical por Assunto "Anatomia vegetal"

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Desenvolvimento, características morfoanatômicas e ecofisiológicas de Aphelandra nitida Ness & Mart. (acanthaceae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-22) Zottele, Livia; Aoyama, Elisa Mitsuko; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Dias, Camilla Rozindo; Araújo, Anderson Geyson Alves de
    This study vegetative and sexual propagation were evaluated, and the post-seminal development, and the morphological and ecophysiological characteristics of Aphelandra nitida submitted to different gradients of shading. The fruits, seeds and stem cuttings were obtained in the Forest of Restinga located in the neighborhood Liberdade, São Mateus-ES. The biometry and morphology of fruits and seeds were analyzed, and germination tests were performed on different substrates. The vegetative propagation of the species was carried out with different types of cuttings in vermiculite substrate. After the formation of vegetative propagation, these were transferred to the structure covered with screens under different shading conditions, in which after the end of the experiment, the morphological and leaves echophysiological characteristics were evaluated. The fruit consists of a loculicidal capsule constituted by two leaflets, which open releasing the seeds. The 5% sodium hypochlorite concentration for 30 minutes is the most suitable for seed disinfestation. The use of the substrate on paper is recommended for the germination of the species. The information about the postseminal development, mainly the foliar characters, reinforces the characteristics found in adult plants, being these morphological characteristics of great importance to aid the taxonomic studies and to interpret germination tests. The results of vegetative propagation showed that the basal cuttings are the most suitable for propagation of the species, not being anatomical barriers that hamper the rooting in any of the types of cuttings. The shading conditions to which the plants were subjected strongly influenced the evaluated parameters. The plants were tolerant to the full sun, observing changes in the photosynthetic apparatus as the reduction in the photochemical efficiency, being compensated by a greater dissipation of heat and investing in structural adaptations, as the reduction of the leaf area, increase in the thickness of the palisade parenchyma, Increase in stomatal density and lipid compounds in mesophyll. The results of the present work highlight the importance of basic studies to understand the mechanisms involved in the propagation form, type of seed reserve, development and phenotypic plasticity of the species in relation to environmental conditions.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Influência do meio de cultivo e do silício na fisiologia e anatomia de Bromelia antiacantha (Bromeliaceae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-18) Cipriano, Rosiane; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Gontijo, Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima; Werner, Elias Terra; Martins, João Paulo Rodrigues
    The Plant Tissue Culture may contribute to the proliferation of various species of commercial interest, and has gained ground in the preservation of rare or endangered species, such as bromeliads. To perform these techniques, nutrient medium, that provide substances essential for growth and development in vitro of plants are utilized. However, the growing conditions can lead to the formation of plants with structures and tissues undeveloped, anatomically or physiologically, which may affect subsequent establishment ex vitro. In order to find a better concentration of MS medium (MURASHIGE; SKOOG, 1962) over and influence of silicon in vitro and ex vitro culture of B. antiacantha it was held two jobs. The first (Chapter II) aimed to define a culture medium for the in vitro establishment of B. antiacantha testing different concentrations of complete MS medium (0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) on seed germination and in vitro growth of this bromeliads and the photosynthetic efficiency of plants established under these conditions. The second (Chapter III) aimed to evaluate the effect of different sodium silicate concentrations (Na2SiO3) (0, 2,5, 5,0, 10 and 15 mg L-1) growth and physiology in vitro and ex vitro and anatomy ex vitro of B. antiacantha. In the first study the experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) consisting of 13 replicates per treatment (each replicate contained four seeds per bottle). Germination was evaluated daily to determine the germination speed index (GSI), the average germination time (GMT) and at the end of 90 days were evaluated germination percentage (G%), the number of leaves (NF ) and roots (NR), the air length (CA) and root (CR), leaf area (AF), the fresh weight of seedling (MFP) and also the measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence. In the second experiment the experiment in DIC consisting of 5 replicates per treatment (each repetition contained 5 tubes, with one plant per tube). Elapsed 45 days in vitro cultivation were evaluated growth parameters (NC, NR, CA, CR, AF and MFP) and also the fluorescence measurements of chlorophyll. After 28 days of cultivation ex vitro were evaluated the same growth parameters and taken leaf samples to evaluate the thickness of adaxial and abaxial epidermis, the chlorenchyma, the hydrenchyma and estimate the number of stomata. Fluorescence measurements of chlorophyll were carried out at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of acclimatization. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). It appears that for the species B. antiacantha, medium MS 25% promoted the best results for germination, growth and development of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. The use of Na2SiO3 only influenced parameters AF during in vitro cultivation and CA during the ex vitro cultivation. In relation to the photosynthetic apparatus, the JIP parameters showed photoinhibition effect at 7 and 14 days and at the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg L-1 Na2SiO3. Thus, it can be inferred that Na2SiO3 not acted improving the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, since other silicate concentrations (2,5 and 15 mg L -1) did not differ significantly between 5 and 10 mg L -1 . B. antiacantha present tetracytic stomata with hypostomatic distribution, had a layer of epidermal cells on both sides of the sheet, water storage parenchyma (hydrenchyma) with thin cell walls on the side of the adaxial surface, chlorophyll parenchyma (chlorenchyma) cells with isodiametrical, collateral vascular bundles, usually larger beams alternated with the minor. The mesophyll has a dorsiventral organization. The leaf anatomy of the concentration of 2,5 mg L-1 and 15 mg L-1 Na2SiO3 promoted beneficial effects on seedling through the increased stomatal density and thickness of adaxial epidermal respectively.