Mestrado em Biodiversidade Tropical

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A ecomorfologia da ictiofauna refletindo a seleção de habitat em um riacho de mata atlântica no norte do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-04-02) Costa, Larissa Pereira; Silva, Luiz Fernando Duboc da; Teresa, Fabrício Barreto; Ingenito, Leonardo Ferreira da
The Itaúnas river, one of the main rivers in the northern region of Espírito Santo, has suffered from anthropic impacts and is considered one of the most degraded rivers in the state. The study of ecomorphology had as objective to relate the morphology of fishes in different points with the occupation and ecological aspects, verifying the relation of ecomorphology with habitat. All points were sampled with trawl nets or sieves, in the period of July, October, November 2017 and February 2018. The results suggest that the ichthyofauna has been suffering from habitat loss, since the same species were observed in all the points, presence of greater number of tolerant species and decrease of the demanding ones in relation to the ichthyofauna expected for that region. This may be affecting the ecomorphological diversity, leading to a generalization in the importance of attributes, as observed for AR (Relative Height), which presented importance in the ecomorphological structuring of most of the analysed species, indicating little variation among the attributes. Correlation analysis shows that more demanding species may be suffering more from anthropogenic impacts. Thus, the poor state of Itaúnas river conservation, with the loss of environmental heterogeneity due to anthropic pressures, such as deforestation and erosion, seems to explain the pattern of similar ecomorphological characteristics and greater occurrence of generalist species.
A ordem Ephemeroptera (Insecta) como indicadora de áreas prioritárias para conservação no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-20) Massariol, Fabiana Criste; Soares, Elaine Della Giustina; Salles, Frederico Falcão; Pepinelli, Mateus; Porto, Luisa Maria Soares
The mayflies spend most of their life cycle as nymphs in water bodies, but the adults are terrestrial and most species live for a few hours to a few days. Studies in water bodies of various orders in the Atlantic forest show how these organisms are diverse and abundant. Currently, this Biome in State of Espírito Santo occupy only 9% of its original cover. Conservation Units are fundamental tools for biodiversity conservation. However, often inadequate criteria are taken into account for creating Conservation Units. One of the criteria to be used for the indication is that they are located in an area of endemism. Several biogeographic methods have been employed to detect areas of endemism, such Parsimony Analysis of Endemism (PAE) and Network Analysis Method (NAM). The aim of this study was to identify priority areas for conservation in State of Espírito Santo from the data analysis of the order Ephemeroptera through biogeographic methods. Based on the literature and the specimens analyzed, the State of Espírito Santo now has recorded 112 species, 48 genera and nine families. Five genera, 14 species were recorded for the first time for Espírito Santo; eight species were recorded for the first time for southeast; and an exotic species (Cloeon smaeleni) were recorded for the first time for Neotropics. Moreover, we find 13 new species to science. Were defined for the State of Espírito Santo four areas of distribution of exclusive taxa. The results of three analyzes were largely congruent, PAE especially for being the same method. Two of four areas of distribution of exclusive taxa have six units each and the other two have only one conservation area. The areas of distribution of exclusive taxa to the south of the state are well represented by APCs, the same is not true for the north, which has only one APC. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the priority areas for conservation already exist for these contain the points distribution of exclusive taxa defined in this work.
A tribo mimoseae Bronn. (Leguminosae) no Espírito Santo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-03) Silva, Lucas de Almeida; Araújo, Anderson Geyson; Dutra, Valquíria Ferreira; Garcia, Flávia Cristina Pinto; Morim, Marli Pires
The Espírito Santo State flora is not well known yet, and it’s high richness has been noticed in recent studies. The Mimoseae tribe has 41 genera and about 860 species, and is one of the four tribes of the Mimosoideae subfamily, which belongs to the most diverse family of Brazilian flora, Leguminosae. This research had as object the taxonomic study of Mimosae’s tribe genera and species that occurs on Espírito Santo. Every collection of the State, and the RB, were consulted. The field work to observation and gathering of plants happened between april/2014 and july/2015. Descriptions, morphological diagnosis, illustrations and maps were elaborated. Comments about geographic distribution, reproductive phenology, morphological variation and taxonomy were made. The extrafloral nectary were described and analyzed. Identification keys for the genera and species based on vegetative and reproductive characters, and a key with extrafloral nectary characters are presented. On Espírito Santo, there are nine genera and 45 taxa: Anadenanthera (2 spp.), Leucaena (1 sp.), Mimosa (21 spp.), Parapiptadenia (1 sp.), Parkia (1 sp.), Piptadenia (6 spp.), Plathymenia (1 sp.), Pseudopiptadenia (7 spp.) and Stryphnodendron (3 spp.). On the State, there are 64% of the 14 genera listed for Brazil and 7% of the Brazilian species diversity of Mimoseae. From the 45 taxa of Mimoseae on Espírito Santo, 25 have Efns, corresponding to 64% of the studied species, and six of them have Efns described for the first time. Sixteen new occurrences of Mimoseae were registered on the State.
Abelhas Euglossina (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em Remanescentes Florestais da Hiléia Baiana: Padrões de Aninhamento e Efeitos das Características dos Fragmentos na Estrutura das Assembleias
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-22) Coswosk, Judson Albino; Faria Junior, Luis Roberto Ribeiro; Tosta, Vander Calmon; Guerra Sobrinho, Thatiana; Campos, Lucio Antonio de Oliveira
Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the most important threats to biodiversity conservation in tropical forests. Euglossina bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) were used as a model for the study of hypotheses related to habitat loss and fragmentation in Hileia Baiana, an important center of wealth and endemism in the Atlantic Forest. The objectives of this study were: (i) to test the hypothesis that the characteristics of the fragments (size, shape and vegetation cover) affect the structure pattern of Euglossina bees assemblages; (Ii) evaluate if the distribution of the species follows a nested pattern and if the characteristics of the fragments (size, shape and vegetation cover) are environmental gradients underlying the nesting pattern. The data were obtained from 13 forest remnants in the northern state of Espírito Santo, ranging in size from 5 to 265 ha. Sampling was performed in two stages: the first from November 2014 to February 2015 and the second from August to September 2015. The remnants were proportionally sampled in their areas, using traps with aromatic baits to attract and capture bees. A total of 3,094 bees of 19 species were captured in the remaining 13 samples. Only the fragment size explained the variation in abundance and species richness, acting as a limiting factor to the persistence of sensitive species found in large and preserved fragments of the region. The distribution of the species follows a nested pattern influenced by the size of the fragment, revealing that processes of selective and ordered extinction of forest dependent species have occurred in the small sampled remnants.
Análise da diversidade e efeito de borda na assembleia de borboletas frugívoras da reserva Biologica de Sooretama
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-29) Nogueira, Talita Araújo; Soares, Elaine Della Giustina; Silva, Luiz Fernando Duboc da; Campos, Lúcio Antônio de Oliveira
Considered to be one of the 34 hot spots of biodiversity on the planet, the Atlantic forest is largely threatened, mainly due to the processes of forest fragmentation, being the edge effects one of the consequences of fragmentation that most affect the remaining forest and its biota. In this context, the present study aims to inventory the species of frugivorous butterflies that occur in the Biological Reserve Sooretama - ES, and see how species are distributed in terms of wealth, abundance, diversity and similarity along an environmental gradient formed from the edge toward the interior of the fragment, testing the hypothesis that edge effects influence such distribution. The samples were taken in Sooretama Biological Reserve, which lies between the municipalties of Linhares, Sooretama and Jaguaré, northern of Espirito Santo state, in April, July and August 2011. "Van Someren-Rydon" modeltraps were used, containing a mixture of sugar cane juice with banana, fermented 48 hours before being used as bait. In each sampling period traps remained open for four consecutive days, and the captured specimens were collected and properly kept for subsequent assembly and identification. 199 exemplars distributed into 32 species belonging to six subfamilies of Nymphalidae were collected. The species accumulation curve did not stabilize and wealth estimator Bootstrap showed that frugivorous butterfly fauna has not been fully sampled. Through an analysis of adherence by the G test, it was found that the abundance and richness along the gradient set was not uniform across the sampling points, being demonstrated by the index of similarity a greater similarity between the closest sampling points among themselves. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) demonstrated two distinct clusters among the sampling points, being these groupings named "edge" and "inside the fragment," indicating a more similar species composition within each cluster. What might indicate that the edge effects affect the distribution of species within the assemblage of frugivorous butterflies that have been recorded in this study, a greater richness, abundance and species diversity from 1000 m to 2500 m.
Análise estrutural, citoquímica e morfométrica da epiderme de Pseudauchenipterus affinis (Steindachner, 1877) (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-22) Santos, Aline Barbosa; Ingenito, Leonardo Ferreira da Silva; Mancini, Karina Carvalho; Silva, Luiz Fernando Duboc da; Dergam, Jorge
The epidermis in fishes has highly complex and diverse structures and is considered a multifunctional tissue still poorly understood. Although it is a group with abundance of species, only a small number of Siluriformes had their epidermis analyzed. The description of the epidermal structures of catfishes can contribute with phylogenetic information in Siluriformes or help on the understanding of the relationship between morphology and environment, which remain little known. This study represents the first structural description of the epidermis of a member of the family Auchenipteridae. The structure, cytochemistry and morphometry of the Pseudauchenipterus affinis catfish epidermis was investigated in four body regions throughout the one year. The P. affinis skin is formed by epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue in all analyzed regions. The epidermis consists of three major cell types (epithelial, mucus and alarm) and in fewer amount of pigment, granular eosinophilic and lymphocytes cells. There were also described sensory structures (taste buds, ampullary organs and neuromasts channel). Cytochemical analysis detected neutral and acid glycoproteins in the mucus cells secretion, and protein in the alarm cells. The morphological and cytochemical features are consistent with those described for other Ostariophysi. Morphometric analysis highlighted that (1) there is sexual dimorphism in relation to the height of the epithelium; (2) the mucus cell density is smaller than alarm and epithelial cells; (3) the different body regions is not uniform in relation to mucus cells density, height and diameter of the epithelium, such as reported in the literature; (4) the anterior lateral body region showed greater epithelium height and mucous cells diameter compared to posterior lateral body region; (5) mucus and alarm cells density, epithelial height and diameter of the mucus cells had seasonal variations, probably as result of the salinity increase in the collection site during the study.
Angiospermas nas florestas estacionais da APA Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-25) Gurtler, Jackson; Araujo, Anderson Geyson Alves de; https://orcid.org/0000000158105145; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1215590706270175; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-3281; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7269508188188508; Rodrigues, Maria Teresa Aureliano Buril Vital; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9615-2057; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5077385212493886; Hoffmann, Diego; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-5933; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1447856831701449
The objective of this work was to carry out the floristic inventory of the angiosperms of the Environmental Protection Area of the Elephant Stone. Shipments were carried out monthly from March / 2017 to August / 2018. A total of 654 species were identified in 369 genera and 101 families. The most representative families are Fabaceae (56 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (36 spp.), Bromeliaceae (27 spp.), Orchidaceae (26 spp.), Malpighiaceae (24 spp.), Malvaceae (22 spp.), Asteraceae 21 spp.), Cyperaceae (21 spp.), Araceae Juss. (20 spp.), Rubiaceae (20 spp.), Apocynaceae (19 spp.), Bignoniaceae (19 spp.) and Myrtaceae (19 spp.). The richest genera were Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) (13 spp.), Anthurium (Araceae) (11 spp.), Peperomia (Piperaceae), Cyperus (Cyperaceae) and Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) (eight spp.); Piper (Piperaceae), Solanum (Solanaceae) and Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) (seven spp.) and Aechmea (Bromeliaceae), Begonia (Begoniaceae), Chamaecrista (Fabaceae), Eugenia (Myrtaceae) and Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) (six spp.). Among the total of species verified, 80 new records for the flora of Espírito Santo, as well as the occurrence of 15 species endemic to the state. Only 129 of the total species have threat assessments according to IUCN. The calculation of floristic similarity among seasonal forest formations in Brazil was also carried out. A total of 1217 species belonging to 400 genera and 94 families from different areas were compared. The results showed a similarity between the areas, this value of similarity, indicates that such forest formations are highly heterogeneous, lacking more studies and preservation policies. The results are presented separately in two chapters: 1st Floristic Survey of the APA Pedra do Elefante Forest, Nova Venécia, Espírito Santo, Brazil; with a checklist of angiosperms occurring in the APA, as well as the degree of threat, endemisms for Brazil and for Espírito Santo, life forms, substrates, and new records. And 2nd Floristic Similarity between different fragments of seasonal forests in Brazil; which deals with the ecological treatment relating the similarity between the semideciduous seasonal forest formations of the south - east and south of Bahia.
Aristolochiaceae Juss, no Espírito Santo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-26) Freitas, Joelcio; Araújo, Anderson Alves; Alves, Marccus Vinicius da Silva; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares
As assembléias de peixes dos estuários de Conceição da Barra e Barra Nova, Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-10) Lima, Arthur da Costa; Silva, Maurício Hostim; Fernandes, Luis Fernando Loureiro; Branco, Joaquim Olinto
As serpentes e o Rio Doce: que papel um grande rio pode representar na distribuição atual de animais ao longo do eixo norte-sul da Mata Atlântica?
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-04-03) Arantes, Poliana Beatriz; Barbosa, Kariny Freire; Bérnils, Renato Silveira; Alves, Anderson Geyson Alves Araújo; Gasparini, João Luiz Rosetti
Aspectos da conservação sobre a alimentação de peixes de riachos na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama (Sooretama-ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-07-04) Machado, Débora Ferreira; Ingenito, Leonardo Ferreira da Silva; Silva, Luiz Fernando Duboc da; Caramaschi, Erica Maria Pellegrini; Pichler, Helen Audrey
Aspectos da conservação sobre a reprodução de peixes de riachos na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama (Sooretama-ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-07-06) Silva, Priscila Plesley Alves da; Ingenito, Leonardo Ferreira da Silva; Silva, Luiz Fernando Duboc da; Silva, Maurício Hostim; Fávaro, Luís Fernando
The preservation of the Atlantic Forest and its faunal and floristic biodiversity is a relevant concern today, being the second most threatened forest in the world, it demands special attention regarding its conservation. Knowing how fish communities maintain themselves in these impacted environments is fundamental for proposing management plans, especially in protected areas such as biological reserves. In order to understand the relationship between protection of conservation units and reproductive strategies and tactics of streams fish, four study bases were selected that include protected areas by the Sooretama Biological Reserve (Espírito Santo) and unprotected areas. The samplings occurred systematically, monthly for one year. Environmental quality was interpreted through the "Habitat Integrity Index" (IIH) and complemented by the measurement of abiotic factors, as well as sediment analyzes that aided in the characterization of the sample bases. In all, 2410 individuals were collected, distributed in five orders, ten families, 18 genera and 20 species, distributed among the study bases. Geophagus brasiliensis, Astyanax aff. intermedius, Hoplias malabaricus, Knodus cf. moenkhausii and Mimagoniates microlepis, were analyzed for reproductive aspects, presenting all, except G. brasiliensis, split spawning and varied strategies regarding the occurrence environment. The internal points of the Reserve were considered more preserved environments, offering the necessary resources for reproduction, and the points outside the Reserve, considered more impacted, show scarcity of resources, causing the occurring species to use appropriate tactics to guarantee the survival of the offspring. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is suggested measures to protect the areas surrounding conservation units, since the impacts occurring upstream of the reserve areas affect local biodiversity, causing incalculable damage to the fish communities.
Aspectos da conservação sobre as comunidades de peixes de riachos na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-07-03) Mendonça, Maria Cecília Sily; Ingenito, Leonardo Ferreira da Silva; Silva, Luiz Fernando Duboc da; Soares Filho, Luisa Maria Sarmento; Costa, Karla Gonçalves da
Assembléias de Peixes do Estuário do rio São Mateus - (ES): Variações Espaço-Temporais na Estrutura e Composição
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-09-22) Andrade, Francielle Fonseca; Silva, Maurício Hostim; Martins, Rodrigo Silvestre; Pichler, Helen Audrey
Estuaries are semi-enclosed coastal bodies of water, connected to the open sea, and within which seawater is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage. These environments offer intense natural dynamics caused by changes in physical and chemical characteristics, influenced by the tidal regime, rainfall and nutrient input. They have high primary productivity and are composed of different habitats, such as tidal flats, estuarine beaches and mangroves, providing protection, food and favorable conditions for reproduction and growth of numerous species. The present study aims to describe the spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblage structure and the composition of the estuarine ichthyofauna of the River São Mateus. Monthly samples were performed from July/2012 to June/2013 in four sampling sites, located from the external part of the estuary, up to the upper area of the main channel of the estuary of the river São Mateus. In each site we performed three replicates using a seine net for fish samples concomitantly to the water abiotic variables measurement (temperature, salinity, turbidity and depth). Significant differences of abiotic variables were verified among seasons and sites. Fish assemblage was mostly composed of marine and demersal species. The seasonal variation in the estuarine ecocline, especially the salinity gradient, defined the distribution and movement of species along the estuary. We identified 69 species, of which only 19 predominated the fauna of the area. The species Bagre bagre, Pellona harroweri, Odontognathus mucronatus, Nebris microps e Macrodon ancylodon occupied exclusively the marine environment, being recorded only in the outer area of the estuary. The species Cathorops spixii, Genidens, Achirus lineatus, Chloroscombrus chrysurus, Lycengraulis grossidens, Pomadasys ramosus, Ophioscion punctatissimus, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Stellifer rastrifer, Stellifer sp., Stellifer brasiliensis and Sphoeroides testudineus showed greater plasticity in relation to the saline gradient tolerance, featuring seasonal fluctuations in abundances. The species Pseudauchenipterus affinis was mainly responsible for the increase in average density and biomass of fish in the upper area. Thus, the estuary of the river São Mateus is very important for biodiversity maintenance, because it provides favorable conditions for breeding, protection and growth for a great diversity of fish species.
Atividade fotossintética em folhas e pseudobulbos de Cattleya warneri (CAM) e Miltonia spectabilis (C3) sob défict hídrico
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-29) Zampirollo, Jadson Bonini; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Falqueto, Adelmo Ralph; Oliveira, Marcos Góes; Aoyama, Elisa Mitsuko
In this study ecophysiological characteristics were evaluated in leaves and pseudobulbs of epiphytic orchids species with CAM (Cattleya warneri T. Moore) and C3 (Miltonia spectabilis Lindl.) metabolism under prolonged water deficit (WD) (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days). For this, C. warneri and M. spectabilis plants obtained from a nursery in João Neiva/ES were transferred to nursery in UFES - Campus de São Mateus/ES, where chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic pigments were measured in leaves and pseudobulbs. Under WD, the RWC was significantly reduced in leaves and pseudobulbs of both species, however, in a similar way between the organs of CAM species (as from 30 days of WD - WD-30) and more slowly in the leaves in relation to pseudobulbs in C3 species (as from WD-60 and WD-30, respectively). The photosynthetic pigments concentration also were changed in response to water deficit, with declines observed in the chlorophyll a, b and total and increases of carotenoids in the leaves of both species, with increases in all of these pigments in the pseudobulbs of C. warneri, and no change in M. spectabilis. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters revealed increases in O-J and J-I phases, L and K-Bands, F0, ABS/RC, DI0/RC and decreases in the I-P phase, FV/FM, ET0/TR0, ET0/ABS e PITOTAL in leaves and pseudobulbs of both species, but more markedly in the pseudobulbs of M. spectabilis and with certain similarity between leaves and pseudobulbs of C. warneri. Thus, it is noted that both species demonstrated vulnerable to prolonged WD, with declines in the RWC, photodestruction of photosynthetic pigments and declines in photochemical activities, especially after the WD-30. However, the better maintenance of RWC values and smaller loss of performance of photochemical reactions observed in leaves of C3 species, M. spectabilis, associated with greater engagement of pseudobulbs indicate that this species is more tolerant to prolonged WD. The explanation for this may be the fact that senescent leaves, and mainly pseudobulbs are acting as facilitators organs in the in mobilization of water more effectively in this species, allowing the maintenance of the highest RWC on young leaves with consequent maintenance of photochemical activities.
Avaliação da continuidade do rio São Mateus (São Mateus-ES) com base na comunidade fitoplanctônica e variáveis limnológicas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-07-18) Souza, Arieli Falchetto de; Felisberto, Sirlene Aparecida; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; 1º membro da banca
Avaliação ecofisiológica de espécies arbóreas utilizadas para revegetação de áreas degradadas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-08-23) Mendes, Marcel Merlo; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0488-7441; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2005727951505420; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-6792; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4538184163113541; Gontijo, Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-4398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2762003128008528; Martins, Joao Paulo Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5016-0745; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4927918119791381
Diverse anthropic activities over time have dramatically reduced the area occupied by the Atlantic Forest, making it one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. These fragmented habitats are a risk for conservation of several species. Ecological succession processes that would ensure the natural regeneration of degraded areas may be impossible depending on the type and extent of impacts. Mining, for example, leads to loss of vegetation, changes in physical and chemical properties as well as soil compaction. The recovery of these areas through revegetation with planting of native species requires a better knowledge of the soil conditions, as well as the patterns and parameters capable of influencing the growth of the species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological evaluation of tree species of two functional groups (nitrogen fixing and non-fixing species) in different treatments of soil decomposition in the presence and absence of green manuring to determine the best way to plant revegetation projects. The experiment was carried out in an area (720 m2) degraded by clay extraction, with a randomized block design (DBC), 4 replicates (Blocks 1, 2, 3 and 4) and 24 plots of 20 m². Seedlings of four species [Psidium cattleianum and Schinus terebinthifolius (non-nitrogen fixing species) and Dalbergia ecastophyllum and Inga laurina (nitrogen fixing species)] were transplanted with treated soil by scarification, scarification + harrowing, subsoiling + harrowing (T1, T2 and T3, respectively), in two distinct types of plot: i) absence of green manure; ii) presence of green manure, composed of seed mix with grasses, legumes and crucifers (P1 and P2, respectively). After six and twelve months, transient chlorophyll a fluorescence and leaf attributes were evaluated. Chemical analysis and resistance to soil penetration were also performed. In the first evaluation, at 6 months, an increase in the specific energy flows (ABS/RC and DIo/RC) and the photochemical quantum yield for heat dissipation φD0 in the presence of the seed mix (green manure) in Psidium cattleianum and Schinus terebinthifolius, indicating a stress condition, most likely by the competition process exerted by some species that make up the mix. On the other hand, no transient fluorescence parameter of chlorophyll a differed statistically in the same period in Dalbergia ecastophyllum and Inga laurina. However, in the second 12-month evaluation, the seed mix promoted an increase in the energy conservation capacity of the photosynthetic apparatus, that is, it was able to reduce energy losses by maintaining energy transport reactions in the FSII until final acceptors of electrons in FSI in all four species, demonstrating their ability to improve the photochemical performance of tree species over time. This study also demonstrated that the seed mix is able to reduce succulence (SUC), thickness (ESP) and foliar mass per unit area (MFA) in the functional group of nitrogen-fixing species, which availability of water and nutrients in these plots. Leaves with these characteristics, to the senescent, decomposes faster that accelerates and contributes to the process of nutrient cycling of the litter. On the other hand, these characteristics practically did not change in the group of the species N-fixing of nitrogen. Finally, the multivariate analysis (PCA) was used to determine which parameters would explain the growth of the species in the field. Leaves with these characteristics, to the senescent, decomposes faster that accelerates and contributes to the process of nutrient cycling of the litter. On the other hand, these characteristics practically did not change in the group of the species N-fixing of nitrogen. Finally, the multivariate analysis (PCA) was used to determine which parameters would explain the growth of the species in the field. Thus, at six months, a correlation was observed between the height and the active QA reductive reaction centers per cross section in FSII (RC/CSo), which did not vary significantly in any species. It is worth mentioning that all species in the presence of the mix showed better results in these parameters, which would help to explain a greater growth of the individuals of this plot from the twelve months. This study demonstrated that the green fertilization performed through the seed mix is able to promote an improvement in the photosynthetic apparatus in all species over time (twelve months) in the three treatments used in the decompression alone. There were also significant improvements in leaf characteristics (SUC, ESP and MFA), mainly for the group of non-fixing species. Thus, it can be considered that the use of green manuring in revegetation projects, presents a potential of facilitation by benefiting mainly non-fixing species. As this group undergoes a slight stress initially, it is possible to suggest a planting in stages, with the initial insertion of the seed mix, then the nitrogen fixation species and after six months the planting of the non-nitrogen fixing species.
Barreiras: vida, trabalho, saberes e desafios da comunidade de catadores de caranguejo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-08-11) Botelho, Monica Lima Rodrigues; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; Tosta, Marielce de Cássia Ribeiro; Araújo, Anderson Geyson Alves de Araújo
The community of Barreiras is located in the municipality of Conceição da Barra, State of Espírito Santo, under the registration of Rural Zone of Controlled Use, for it is in a Conservation Area. Being a region drained by the river São Mateus and having extensive areas of mangroves, the artisanal fishing, including the picking of crabs, is their main economic activity. The crab pickers in this community are a group of workers who have a strong link with the mangrove ecosystem and its natural resources. This study aimed to know the daily life of those pickers, their values and their way of life, to understand how the processes occur to build their knowledge, identify the picking techniques used and their possible impacts on the environment, evaluating the socioeconomical aspect and the possibility of continued activity through the generations and to ascertain the degree of knowledge about the bioecology of the crab Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763). The information was obtained by direct contact with the community through observations, interviews and guided tours. The study revealed a high degree of community isolation and the extreme poverty which some families are subjected to. Furthermore, this work has shown the value that pickers attribute to the continuity of the activity throughout the generations and a variety of knowledge built by them empirically, which may contribute to the development of strategies for the use of resources in a conscious and sustainable manner.
Bases biológicas para a produção sustentável do robalo peva (Centropomus parallelus. Poey, 1860) no litoral do Espírito Santo: aspectos genéticos e zootécnicos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-03-13) Araújo, Rodrigo Silva; Chiquieri, Julien; Paiva, Samuel Rezende; Tosta, Vander Calmon; Polese, Marcelo Fanttini
Biomassa estocada em plantios de restauração com diferentes espaçamentos, diversidades e porcentagens de pioneiras na Mata Atlântica do sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-28) Costa, Marina Gusson Carneiro da; Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de; Rolim, Samir Gonçalves; Martins, Carlos Romero; Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de
Deforestation is the main source of emission of greenhouse gases, and environmental restoration, in contrast, is an important way we have nowadays to mitigate global warming. This study aimed to evaluate different models of environmental restoration in an area belonging to the domain of Tableland Atlantic Forest, in order to analyze their performances in plant biomass production and, by consequence, carbon sequestration. The models are the result of the combination of three factors: Spacing, with 3x2 m and 3x3 m levels; Diversity, with low (42 species), medium (64 species) and high (92 species) levels; and Proportion of Pioneers, with levels of 5% and 24% of pioneers. The combination of factors and their levels resulted in 12 treatments with three replicates each, arranged in three randomized blocks. At 40, 54, 66 and 82 months after planting, it was measured the diameter at breast height (DBH) of each individual with at least 5 cm of DBH, and individual biomass was obtained using the formula: Ln (Biomass) = -1,996+2,323*Ln (DBH), where DBH is given in centimeters and biomass is given in kilograms. The biomass of the plot was given by the sum of the biomass of all its individuals. Furthermore, we determined the Current Annual Index (ACI) of biomass and density of each factor. Comparisons were made between factors through analysis of variance considering repeated measures by Systat software. Considering all the replicates of the treatments, there was a wide answers variation, since 11,2 Mg/ha untill 42,4 Mg/ha, so it was observed an environmental variation. The ANOVAs indicated that the factors with isolated effect were spacing and diversity, and spacings factor showed bigger values of biomass at 3X2m spacing throughout all the period of study. The Tukey test showed that diversity factor differed between the high levels to the other two, which showed higher production compared to that, more steeply in the first 54 months after planting. The interactions of spacing and diversity and, to a lesser extent, spacing, composition and diversity of pioneers, were also significant. These data appear to indicate that the factor that most defines differences in biomass production is the spacing, followed by diversity, and, in a small level, by the Proportion of Pioneer. Although only studies of longer duration in the area could confirm the trends shown, it is concluded that the most important factor when considering restoration projects for biomass production is the spacing, at least during initial phase of planting.

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