Genética e Melhoramento

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17474

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento

Centro: CCAE
Telefone: (28) 3552 8933
URL do programa: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM

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A influência de fatores históricos na diversificação de populações de Pitcairnia azouryi (Bromeliaceae) restrita a inselbergs da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-08-21) Sheu, Yumi; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-4398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7759687639548301; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-0738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0479854777557016; Soares, Tais Cristina Bastos; https://orcid.org/0000000163567993; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6580031598802359; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-3061; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4537010919478309; Garbin, Mario Luís ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-2102; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4873285090929011; Maia, Vitor Hugo dos Santos Gomes; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2135-7650; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0001107478160614; Couto, Dayvid Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-8001; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2323706784973067
Phylogeography investigates the evolutionary processes that govern the distribution of species on a spatial and temporal scale. Countless studies use phylogeographic approaches to understand the diversification of species in the context of regions with high genetic diversity. The Neotropical region is home to different phytogeographic domains, such as the Atlantic Forest. In this context, inselbergs stand out for their structural and structural heterogeneity in the Atlantic Forest. Due to their disjunct geographic nature, inselbergs are compared to oceanic islands and exhibit a high degree of ecological isolation and great endemism of species. We conducted an analysis based on integrated phylogeographic and population data to investigate the diversification of seven natural populations of Pitcairnia azouryi (Bromeliaceae) restricted to the inselbergs of the Atlantic Forest and how they relate to evolutionary historical factors. A coalescing tree was estimated using five chloroplast markers (cpDNA) and the Pedra Lisa population (Rio de Janeiro) was recovered as the most basal in the Quaternary Pleistocene. We suggest an important role for climatic fluctuations at the beginning of the Pleistocene in the diversification of the two groups of P. azouryi. Our results showed low genetic diversity within the populations of P. azouryi and high population genetic structure, indicating limited gene flow between rocky outcrops. All populations are a priority to conserve genetic heritage, since they have conferred unique haplotypes. This study pointed out the role of historical events and genetic drift via stepping stones in the evolutionary trajectories of this threatened species and restricted to seven inselbergs in the Atlantic Forest
Acessos de Capsicum spp. com potencial ornamental e resistência a múltiplas doenças
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-10-15) Alves, Thayllon de Assis; Bento, Cintia dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000000316394166; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4236145191829946; https://orcid.org/000000032478851X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0420240855848079; Sudré, Cláudia Pombo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-7205; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4185732042391423; Xavier, André da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522
Peppers, belonging to the genus Capsicum L., have been cultivated for a long time in family farming, as they have a good economic return, due to their diversification of use. In recent times, peppers are no longer only cultivated for the culinary, pharmaceutical and cosmetics market and have also started to stand out in the ornamental plant market, mainly due to their variability in color and shape of fruits and leaves. However, the emergence of diseases, caused by different phytopathogens, represents one of the limiting factors for the production of this crop. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify accessions of Capsicum spp. belonging to the BAG - active germplasm bank of the Federal University of Espírito Santo -Brazil, Campus de Alegre, with ornamental potential and resistant to multiple diseases. To assess the ornamental potential,were used, 42 accessions of Capsicum spp. and the hot pepper cultivar for pot, as a control, totaling 43 genotypes. The morphoagronomic evaluations were performed using the descriptor for Capsicum from Bioversity International (IPGRI). For the selection of genotypes, the analysis of variance and the Scott-Knott mean comparison test were performed. To evaluate disease resistance, were used, 41 accessions and two controls were evaluated, cultivar Ikeda (negative control) and UENF 1381 (positive control), totaling 43 genotypes. For the resistance evaluation, a completely randomized experimental design was used. For the inoculation of Xanthomonas, the Isolate ENA 4135 was used, at concentrations of 108 CFU/mL, for the hypersensitivity reaction, and 105 CFU/mL for the quantitative evaluation. The assessment was performed using a grading scale, suggested by Riva-Souza (2009). For resistance to anthracnose, five fruits were inoculated, in the both immature and mature stages, of each plant, using a suspension of 106 conidia/mL. The assessment was carried out using the grading scale suggested by Montri et al. (2009). To identify resistance to PepYMV, accessions were kept under protected conditions, in cages lined with an anti-aphid screen, to prevent transmission of the virus to other plants in the area. The plants were visually evaluated, using the grading system from 1 to 5. For data analysis, the Area Below the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and the incubation period were used. Genotypes with ornamental potential were found, both for potted cultivation and for outdoor garden ornamentation. Genotype 23 had the best characteristic for potted trade, and genotype 52 for garden ornamentation. Genotypes with resistance to the three diseases were also observed, these were 56 and 82 for all variables and 25 showed resistance for all variables except for anthracnose in unripe fruit. Other genotypes were characterized for simple resistance to one disease, and in some genotypes, resistance to two of the studied diseases was observed.
Análise da estrutura e diversidade genética de Paratecoma peroba (Record) Kuhlm. (Bignoniaceae), em remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica na região sul do estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-07-28) França, Tabatta Caroline Cerri; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-4398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7759687639548301; https://orcid.org/0000000222337435; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3145725736925528; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-6272; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0454157124995556; Silva Junior, Adelson Lemes da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0524898222244761
Paratecoma peroba (Record) Kuhlm, popularly known as peroba amarela is a deciduous forest species found in seasonal forests of the Atlantic Forest, reaching up 40 m in height. Wood was considered an extremely important commercial product, being used in construction, finishing and for luxury furniture. Owing to the potential of the wood, an excessive wood exploration occurred, drastically reduced the numbers of natural populations. As a result of this exploration and the devastation of Atlantic Forest, the species is currently at risk of extinction. In this sense, studies based on population parameters based on molecular data obtained from DNA can reveal information about the levels of genetic diversity, as well as the processes that maintain it. Besides, these studies can contribute to the selection of mother trees in order to contribute to management plans and conservation measures. The present study aimed to characterize the structure and genetic diversity of P. peroba populations in forest remnants in the southern region of Espírito Santo state. Three populations of P. peroba were sampled: Polo de Educação Ambiental da Mata Atlântica (PEAMA); Floresta Nacional de Pacotuba (FLONA de Pacotuba); e Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES). In total, 116 individuals were obtained. Ten ISSR primers were used, which revealed the amplification of 101 polymorphic loci. High genetic diversity was found, with number of alleles observed (Na = 1.99) and effective alleles (Ne = 1.49). Nei diversity index ranged between (H’= 0.22) and (H’ = 0.27), and Shannon index ranged between (I = 0.33) and (I = 0.43). The population of PEAMA has the highest rates of genetic diversity, while a population of IFES has the lowest values. An analysis of molecular variance (Amova) revealed that the greatest diversity occurred within populations (79.23%), the ØST value of the sources indicated a moderate genetic structure. The estimated gene flow for the set of populations studied was high (Nm = 7,0114), however, a genetic structure analysis indicated the presence of 3 genetic groups (K = 3). The ISSR marker used to evaluate populations of the P. peroba species proved to be adequate to measure genetic diversity, revealing that the populations of PEAMA and FLONA of Pacotuba have individuals with genetic variability for selection of mother trees. Thus, these populations can be used to collect seeds and produce seedlings, being destined for environmental recovery projects and management plans, in order to contribute with protection and conservation measures for P. peroba.
Análise do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico de lodo de esgoto em Allium cepa
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Martins, Maria Nilza Corrêa; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; Lopes, José Carlos; David, José Augusto de Oliveira
The sewage sludge can contain high levels of inorganic and organic compounds with toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Its use in agricultural soils can be studied by the behaviour (or by the development and growth) of the different plant species relating to the toxic effects of this residue in different plant species. In a review it was possible to obtain data from the effects of the transfer of contaminants in soils supplemented with sewage sludge for plants and plants via the food chain. An organism test Allium cepa shows a positive response to this analysis of toxicity, that aimed to study the genetic toxicity of sewage sludge in Allium cepa. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Morphology of the Center for Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), in the municipality of Alegre, using seeds of Allium cepa treated with sludge from the ETE Jerônimo Monteiro and ETE Mulembá. The sludge were analysed with regard to physico-chemical and biological properties, according to the resolution CONAMA 375/2006. For the analysis of toxicity on the seeds of Allium cepa, 5.000 cells per treatment were evaluated by direct contact and trapped the samples and controls. The gross sludge presented physico-chemical results within the limits established by CONAMA resolution 375/2006. Only in the microbiological analysis the sludge of ETE of Jerônimo Monteiro presented fecal coliforms above the limit established by the resolution. For potential toxicity testing the sludge of ETE Jerônimo Monteiro was phytotoxic to raw sewage sludge, cytotoxic and genotoxic for sewage sludge solubilization. The gross sludge of ETE Mulembá presented genotoxic and mutagenic potential, while the sludge solubilized was cytotoxic. The sewage sludge with addition of lime presented potential phytotoxic to raw sludge, and for the sludge solubilized showed genotoxic and cytotoxic effect. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric test of Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05). It is concluded that both sludge have toxic potential, serving warning to their use in agricultural soils, which should be monitored with cytogenetic analyses and control of toxic elements present in its composition.
Análises biométricas de palmeiras juçara de fragmentos florestais no sul do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-19) Senra, João Felipe de Brites; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Ferreira, Adésio; Dalcolmo, José Maria; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça
The species Euterpe edulis Martius is native to the Atlantic Forest and popularly known as jussara palm. It is a key species of the Atlantic Forest, producing fruits that are consumed by about 30 bird species and 13 mammal species, and also presenting great economic potential for exploitation of its fruit in the form of pulp, sweets and ice creams. Currently the jussara palm is on the official list of endangered species in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to: estimate the coefficient of repeatability and determination of the characteristics of fruits and seeds, analyze the number of measurements for a 95% confidence level and test different methods for estimation of repeatability, study the genetic diversity among accessions and evaluate the pattern of seed germination via the Logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy and Will Bill nonlinear models, quantify the inter-population genetic diversity of the species based on the correlation between plant traits and related to fruit production. Collection of the jussara palm fruits was performed in 20 forest fragments in the following municipalities in the southern region of the state of Espírito Santo: Alegre (eight fragments), Guaçuí (four fragments), Ibitirama (three fragments), Jerônimo Monteiro (one fragment), Mimoso (three fragments) and Muqui (one fragment). For the study of repeatability 198 accessions were used, 25 fruits per plant, evaluating: longitudinal and equatorial diameter of the fruit and seed (DLF, DLS, DEF and DES) in millimeters (mm), and fruit and seed mass (MF and MS) in grams (g). Deviance was estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood (REML). The coefficient of repeatability and determination and the required number of measurements was determined using the REML methods, principal components via the correlation matrix, and covariances and structural analysis based on correlation and covariance matrices. Estimates of the repeatability coefficients and determination of all variables analyzed were greater than 0.78 and 98% respectively, for all tested methodologies, performing 25 measurements. For 95% reliability, 5 measurements are required for the variables DLF, DEF, DLS, DES and MS and 4 measurements for the variable MF. The methods used do not differ with respect to estimate of the repeatability coefficient for the variables DLF, DES, MF and MS, while for the other variables the differences were minimal. To analyze the identity of the models, seeds from 40 accessions were used to evaluate: germination, germination speed index, mean germination time, first germination count and the germination percentage. Based on the quantitative data the generalized Mahalanobis distance matrix (d²) was calculate and later accessions were clustered by the Tocher optimization method divided into four groups. In each group germination was analyzed via non-linear regression using the Logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy and Will Bill models. Fit of the models was evaluated by the determination coefficient (R²), residual mean error (QMR), mean absolute deviation (MAD), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The identity test of the models was performed by the F-test. The Gompertz model showed intermediary values of ß1, ß2 and ß3 compared to other models which avoid under or over estimation of these regression parameters; in addition, this model presents the highest R 2 values and the lowest values of QMR, DMA, AIC and BIC, and is the most indicated to describe the pattern of germination. The identity test of the models was not significant and therefore a single regression is not efficient to describe the germination process. Groups three and four have the highest values of TG, indicating greater vigor, and for seedling production the ideal time for transplanting would be 30 days for groups one, two and 4, and 22 days for group three. For the study of genetic diversity, data from fruit of the 198 accessions utilized in the analysis of repeatability were used. In this case we evaluated the traits of: mass of one hundred fruits (MCF) and mass of one hundred seeds (MCS) in grams, pulp yield (RP) in percentage, stem diameter at 1.5 m above the ground (D1,5), stem diameter at 1.0 m above the ground (D1,0) and stem diameter at 0.5 m above the ground (D0,5) in millimeters, number of clusters (CN), cluster length (CC) in centimeters, number of rachilles (NR), and height of the cluster (AC) in meters. Based on these data the genetic correlation was estimated, and a principal components analysis and correspondence analysis were performed. Genetic correlation between the traits MCF x NR (0.44) is positive. The characteristic NR is the main determinant in variation of MCF and indirect selection can be effective, depending on estimates of heritability. The fragments GU3, AL4, JM1, MI1 and MQ1 from different municipalities are those that presented the greatest inter-population genetic divergence among the 20 fragments studied. The fragments GU2, GU3 and AL4 have exceptionally large individual producers regarding the mass of one hundred fruits (211.54 to 352.24 g) which make them important sources of selection for use in jussara palm breeding programs focused on the production of fruit pulp.
Atividade biológica do óleo essencial de Peperomia alata Ruiz & Pav. (Piperaceae) em Lactuca sativa e Sorghum bicolor
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-02-23) Fernandes, Alda Francisca Rodrigues de Sousa; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-8996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0156400714981561; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-5548; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2158304667499789; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5133-4428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0969903694890602; Menini, Luciano; https://orcid.org/0000000336565428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2646344913961349; Oliveira, Stéfanie Cristina de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-2601; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6404885772178652
The genus Peperomia stands out for the production of essential oils, and occupies the second position as a source of bioactive compounds in the Piperaceae family. Researches using essential oils have demonstrated the potential of these compounds regarding to their biological functions, which can be used as alternative sources based on natural products. Different species of the genus Peperomia have several reported activities, including P. alata, which has already been indicated as a medicinal plant. The tests carried out with plant bioassays allow the assessment of biological activity and identification of bioactive compounds. Thus, this research aimed to perform a phytochemical screening of the essential oil of P. alata leaves and to evaluate the phytotoxic potential, through the plant bioassays with Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor, and the cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials by meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (CG-DIC) and mass spectrometry (CG-EM). The major compounds present in the essential oil were: myristicin (37.87%), gamma-cadinene (28.13%), safrole (16.37%) and o-methyleneugenol (9.74%). Concentrations of the essential oil of P. alata gradually inhibited germination and root and aerial growth in the two test models. Among the treatments that allowed seed germination, it was observed that there was a cytotoxic response in the concentrations of 750 and 187.5 ppm and genotoxic damage in the concentration of 1500 ppm. In the antimutagenic analysis, a significant reduction in damage caused by the MMS agent was noticed, demonstrating antimutagenic potential, and the results indicate that the essential oil of P. alata at a concentration of 187.5 ppm can inactivate the mutagenic agent (desmutagenesis) or modulate the DNA replication and repair (bioantimutagenesis). Therefore, the observed effects support its phytotoxic potential in eudicotyledons and monocotyledons and antimutagenic activity in meristematic cells of L. sativa. These results suggest that the essential oil of P. alata can be used as an alternative to new bioactive compounds, in development of bioherbicides and drugs.
Atributos radiculares, foliares e produtivos em diversos genótipos cultivados de Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-04-28) Schmidt, Raquel; Partelli, Fabio Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000000288300846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6730543200776161; https://orcid.org/0000000203741563; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Campostrini, Eliemar; Ramalho, José Cochicho
The objective of this work was to study the root system in the soil profile of 16 robusta coffee genotypes cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon and to estimate the genetic parameters. The evaluations took place in Alta Floresta D'Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil. A volume of 27 cm3 of soil and roots was collected separately at every 10 cm depth up to 60 cm, and removed at a standard distance of 30 cm from the plant stem in the planting row of 16 robusta coffee genotypes. The roots obtained were washed, digitized and processed in the Sapphire program, and the root volume per soil volume, surface area, diameter and length of the roots were quantified. Then they were grouped by the hierarchical method UPGMA and Toucher. The characteristics of the aerial part of the plant were evaluated and correlated with the characteristics of the roots. The root system of the 16 genotypes was mainly concentrated in the layer 0 – 30 cm of the soil, comprising 80% of the root volume. The LB015 genotype showed greater root volume in the layers up to 30-40 cm. The largest volumes presented in the 50-60 cm layer were from the AS10 and AS4 genotypes with values 36.24 and 55.13 (mm³ cm-3), respectively. The heritability indexes (h²) obtained values close to 100%. Through UPGMA and Toucher analysis, it was possible to group the genotypes into four groups, with LB015 remaining isolated (group IV). Positive correlations were observed between the characteristics of the root system. The root system of the 16 evaluated genotypes was mainly concentrated in the 0 – 30 cm layer of the soil, comprising 80% of the root volume. However, nine genotypes can be considered promising for genetic improvement aiming at tolerance to water deficit, as they present greater volumes of roots in the deeper layers of the soil, having been grouped in a separate group of the diversity analysis.
Avaliação de genótipos de aceroleira para o sul do estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-07-30) Ramos, Isabela Bolari; Esposti, Marlon Dutra Degli ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0033-6105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5353884761100155; Senra, João Felipe de Brites ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-2821; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2268398576674753; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8218-4320; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3196329481028035; Ferreira, Adésio ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7000-1725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Souza, Flávio de França ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-2666; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2123041862653373; Rodrigues, Wagner Nunes ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-0040; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0154094974905867; Caetano, Luiz Carlos Santos ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5243374838721566
The acerola tree (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) is a tropical fruit tree widely cultivated in Brazil, notable for the extremely high vitamin C content of its fruits. Despite the growth of the crop and the establishment of regional hubs, such as Espírito Santo, studies evaluating the agronomic and functional performance of genotypes in relation to local soil and climate conditions are scarce. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to evaluate the behavior of different acerola genotypes regarding vegetative growth, productivity, and the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits, with a view to identifying adapted materials with potential for fresh consumption and industrial processing in the conditions of the southern region of Espírito Santo. In the first chapter, vegetative growth rates were estimated using nonlinear regression models. The logistic model proved most efficient in describing the sigmoidal growth pattern of the species. The genotypes "BRS Apodi" and "Uel03" stood out, indicating greater vegetative height, while "BRS Sertaneja," "Junko," and "Monami" showed faster growth. The second chapter evaluated productivity over seven months of harvest using mixed REML/BLUP models, which allowed for the prediction of individual, monthly, and cumulative genetic values of the cultivars. The genotypes "Uel03," "Prog 052," "Junko," and "BRS Apodi" presented the highest predicted genetic values and yield estimates per hectare, surpassing traditional cultivars such as "BRS Sertaneja" and "Okinawa." The third chapter analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits over seven evaluation cycles, including diameter, pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, the ratio of total soluble solids to total titratable acidity (ratio), and vitamin C. The genotypes "BRS Jaburu" and "Uel03" presented higher pH, lower titratable acidity, and a high ratio, ideal for fresh consumption. On the other hand, "Junko," "Okinawa," and "BRS Sertaneja" presented higher acidity and high vitamin C levels, constituting alternatives for industrial purposes. Thus, it is concluded that there is broad genetic diversity among the genotypes evaluated, with promising materials for both fresh consumption and the processing industry. The results obtained guide regional commercial and production recommendations, in addition to reaffirming the importance of genetics as a tool for the agronomic and functional valorization of the acerola tree
Caracterização bromatológica da polpa desidratada de frutos de Euterpe edulis Mart. e seleção de genótipos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-13) Dias, Natália Caroliny da Silva; Souza, Tércio da Silva de; Ferreira, Adésio; Menini, Luciano; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva
The species Euterpe edulis Martius is characterized by producing a high quantity of fruits that serve as food for birds and mammals during long periods of scarce resources. However, it's estimated that losses are occurring in the diversity of the species due to the forest fragmentation and the intense extractivism of the palm heart produced from the colonization of the country until the present day. Currently, the species is on the list of endangered species. The objective of this work was to chemically characterize the dehydrated pulp of the fruits of 60 E. edulis accessions collected in the southern region of Espírito Santo; evaluate the genetic variability and select genotypes based on chemical characters related to the commercialization of the fruits in order to apply them to the breeding program of the species. Fruits were collected from 60 accessions and analyzed for the following characteristics: moisture, biomass, yield, total acidity (ATT), total soluble solids (TSS), fiber (FIB), lipids (LIP), pH, mineral content (CM), total phenolic compounds (FNT), total anthocyanins (ANT), total flavonols (FLV); protein (PROT); total soluble sugars (AT) and soluble reducing sugars (AR). The Scott-Knott grouping test was performed at 5% probability. For the analysis of the genetic variability between and among the accessions was used.the method of grouping between groups (UPGMA) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The selection index was based on mixed models (REM/BLUP) and the mean rank of Mulamba and Mock. The E.edulis plant materials from southern Espírito Santo showed considerable variation in chemical contents with divergent access within the same locality. The UPGMA group structured the 60 accesses into four groups by the significance obtained by the Mojena method (1977). The genetic distance between the accessions of groups I and II was low indicating high similarity between them. The groups III and IV showed only one access, which diverged from all others. AMOVA was not significant. The accesses that obtained the best predicted gains according to the selection indices were IB3P4, IB3P9, IB3P5, IB3P6 and IB3P1, being able to occupy position of base individuals for crossing in the breeding program of the species.
Caracterização dos constituintes voláteis de espécies do gênero de Sparattanthelium Mart. (Hernandiaceae) e avaliação de fitotoxicidade e citotoxicidade em plantas modelo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-27) Dutra, Quezia Pains; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Pinheiro, Patrícia Fontes; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares
Brazil has been prominent in the production of agrochemicals; however, its use in agriculture has related to the environment and other organisms. The plants are reservoirs of secondary metabolites and may present allelopathic effect, being interesting to be used as bioherbicides. These metabolites can be found in essential oils in basal angiosperms. They have been found to be economically useful, such as groups are used for medicinal purposes and have shown antiproliferative activity in cancerous and antimicrobial cells. However, some species have unknown allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential, such as the genus Sparattanthelium, exclusively neotropical. Few species of this genus have been chemically characterized and the biological potential of the compounds is not known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the essential oils extracted from the leaves of Sparattanthelium botocudorum and Sparattanthelium tupiquinorum in bioassays with the species Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The oils were tested at concentrations of 3000, 1500, 750, 375 and 187.5 ppm. The chemical characterization was performed and the percentage of germinated seeds, the initial development of Lactuca sativa L. and Sorghum bicolor L. seedlings and the changes in the meristematic cycle of L. sativa roots. The major compound of both species was germacrene D (33.2 and 44.8%), followed by bicyclogermacrene (23.4 and 16.9%), ß-element (8.4 and 5.1%), germacrene A (17.7 and 8.7%). Tras-nerolidol (7.7%) was found only in S. botocudorum and ?-Cadinene (15%) in S. tupiquinorum. The phytotoxic assay revealed that the essential oil of both species reduced the root and aerial growth of L. sativa seeds. In S. bicolor it reduced germination and aerial growth. In the cytotoxic assay, the mitotic index and the increase of chromosomal and nuclear alterations resulting from the aneugenic and clastogenic action of the essential oils of S. botocudorum and S. tupiquinorum were observed.
Caracterização físico-química de diferentes genótipos de Coffea arabica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-27) Machado, Cyntia Meiry da Silva; Partelli, Fabio Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000000288300846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6730543200776161; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-4342; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5777296367814033; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Pinheiro, Patricia Fontes; https://orcid.org/0000000340195773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7891884643619330; Krohling, Cesar Abel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7633-8612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7552709254215174
The physicochemical composition of the grain has been studied in order to characterize the compounds present in the coffee fruit. In Arabica coffee this interest in correlating chemical characterization and genetic parameters is recent. The objective of this work was to verify the characterization of Coffea arabica L. genotypes in relation to physicochemical characteristics such as total titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, potassium ion leaching and hydrogenation potential, as well as characteristics present in small portions of the coffee fruit, but vital for the formation of the aromatic flavor and that present bioactive characteristics in our organisms such as trigonelin, chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and caffeine, the evaluated grains refer to two agricultural years (2014/15 and 2015/16), both submitted to two dry (natural) and wet (peeled cherry) processes. The samples used in the analyzes are of 40 C. arabica elite genotypes. Such genetic material comes from crosses involving commercial breeders ("Catuaí", "Caturra") with different sources of ("Hybrid of Timor", "Vila Sarchi" Icatú "), in this way, the parental present different sources of resistance to coffee rust. The analyzes were carried out in the laboratories of the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering (CCAE) of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). The determinations were performed in three replicates and all results were expressed on dry basis. It was found interaction between the factors genotypes x years x processing for all analyzed variables, climatic conditions were acting to obtain interaction. The physical-chemical variables evaluated showed genetic variability, as well as high heritability and discrimination. The variables electrical conductivity and potassium leaching contributed significantly to the genetic diversity of the genotypes found. Thus, this work points out chemical compounds contribute and may indicate a method of selection of genotypes with different characterizations through easy to perform analyzes; and shows some processing factors, environmental conditions influence the chemical constitution of the coffee
Caracterização genética de Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth em fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica: implicações à conservação e ao manejo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-02-25) Silva Júnior, Adelson Lemes da; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; https://orcid.org/0000000346919891; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3624066484009682; https://orcid.org/0000000309408398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0524898222244761; Moreira, Sarah Ola; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0659-6725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3860741402516755; Godinho, Tiago de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-6054; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9828463783791328; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-4398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7759687639548301; Soares, Tais Cristina Bastos; https://orcid.org/0000000163567993; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6580031598802359
Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth is an arboreal species, popularly known as jacarandá-da-Bahia. Endemic to the Atlantic Forest, the species has economic and ecological importance, as it has quality wood and potential for use in the recovery of degraded areas. However, it is classified as vulnerable to extinction due to the fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest and its intense exploitation in the past, in which, little is known about the genetic consequences generated in its populations. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity and genetic structure of the species Dalbergia nigra in the Atlantic Forest biome, within the limits of the state of Espírito Santo. The sampling was carried out in 12 populations distributed in the South, Central, Northwest and North-Coast mesoregions, being sampled 15 individuals per population, totaling 180 individuals. For the analyzes, 12 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers and 7 pairs of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) primers were used. Regarding the performance of the molecular markers, the PIC values for the ISSR ranged from 0.26 to 0.36, indicating moderate informativeness, whereas for the SSR the values ranged from 0.33 to 0.61, indicating moderate to high informativeness for the populations evaluated individually, and high for the joint data. The values of H* and I* calculated for the ISSR data and, mainly the HO, HE and F values obtained for the SSR data, also differentiated the populations with higher (PFP, FNP, APSE, RBS, RNV and MNPC) and minor (PEAMA, RPPNC, RBAR, FNRP, RBCV and APPE) genetic diversity, in addition to revealing moderate to high levels for genetic diversity in the joint data. The genetic distance between the pairs of individuals did not conform between the markers, however, a kinship relationship was observed by geographic proximity. Regarding genetic structuring, Amova indicated moderate genetic differentiation (ΦST = 0.1616) for ISSR data and low differentiation (ΦST = 0.1483) for SSR data, however, for both markers, the greatest genetic variation is within populations. The moderate to low genetic differentiation corroborates with the Nm data obtained from the ISSR (Nm = 1.98 to 8.78) and SSR (Nm = 1.09 to 9.21), indicating the occurrence of gene flow between populations. The Bayesian analysis carried out from the ISSR data resulted in only two groups, while the SSR data revealed that there are three genetic groups dividing into populations located in the North-Coastal region, close to or located in the Northwest region, and close or located in the South region. The Mantel test revealed a low correlation between the markers, however, according to the entanglement analysis, there was a moderate association between the matrices of genetic distances (Entanglement = 0.47), with consistency between some individuals. The satisfactory results found for the species confirm the potential of possible matrices for the collection of seeds and production of seedlings, however, the low levels of genetic diversity found for some populations, are possibly associated with the intense exploitation of D. nigra in the past and the fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest.
Caracterização genética e do solo em populações nativas de Vochysia bifalcata warm. no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Vianna, Larissa Souza; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis Horn
Vochysia bifalcata is popularly known as Guaricica, is a tree neotropical species whose survival is threatened due to degradation processes of the natural environment and man operation, considered the threat of state they are in, it is necessary to obtain more detailed information the genetic diversity of natural populations of this species, which is possible from studies with microsatellite markers. In this context, the present study was to evaluate objetvo the genetic diversity of Vochysia bifalcata species and characterize soil fertility in two native populations established in Caparaó National Park, ES. Therefore, leaf samples from 28 adult individuals were collected from two native populations of V. bifalta. For transferability test were tested 8 microsatellite primers developed for Qualea grandiflora and 10 designed to Vochysia ferruginea in the genome of individuals to V. bifalcata. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Doyle & Doyle protocol (1990) modified. The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on gel polyacrylamide 10% with 1X TBE buffer. Electrophoresis was performed at constant voltage of 100 W for 5 hours. The markers that generate satisfactory amplifications were then used for the studies and genetic diversity of structure in all 28 individuals sampled. We randomly selected six soil sampling points in each population at depths 0-5; 5-10 e 10-20 cm and chemical analyzes were performed using the methodology proposed by EMBRAPA (1997). The heterologous amplification results for V. ferruginea to V. bifalcata were satisfactory, and then used for statistical analysis and Q. grandiflora for V. bifalcata were satisfactory, however proved to be monomorphic. For starters, V. ferruginea the results showed the average occurrence of 4.85 lleles/locus. In both two populations of seven loci analyzed suggested the presence of null alleles, with significant frequency. The allelic richness were similar between the two populations. The average observed heterozygosity for the population I was 0.434 and population II was 0.355, both distinct from the expected to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average fixation index for the population I was 0.390 and the population II was 0.328, indicating the presence of inbreeding within populations. The average value of Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.608 for the population I and 0.566 for the population II and are considered highly informative. The pair of genotypes (9 and 11) and (5 and 9) were identified as the least dissimilar opulations the population I and II, respectively. The amount of GST (0.079) indicated a moderate genetic differentiation among populations. To AMOVA, 92.86% of the variation was within 12 populations and among populations 7.13%. After analyzing the program, STRUCTURE was possible to define the division into two groups of genotypes. The obtained average gene flow was 2.88 being considered high enough to counteract the effects of genetic drift. These data generate important information about the genetic variability, proving the importance of Caparaó National Park for the species conservation. Soil samples analyzed demonstrated that the fertility of both populations are present and a low acidity, the homogeneity of the soil fertility can be explained by the soil and climatic characteristics similar between the two study populations.
Caracterização molecular e morfoagronômica de variedades de milho (Zea mays L.) cultivadas em comunidades rurais
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-07-16) Martins, Liliana Aparecida Ribeiro; Soares, Tais Cristina Bastos; https://orcid.org/0000000163567993; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6580031598802359; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praca; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; Rosado, Carla Cristina Goncalves; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Cabral, Pablo Diego Silva; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
Corn is a crop intended for both human and animal consumption, and in recent years there has been a change in the scenario of choice of varieties for growing corn, WHERE traditional varieties have lost place to hybrids. However, these varieties have great
Caracterização molecular, anatômica e fisiológica de genótipos de Manihot esculenta (Crantz) com subsessilidade foliar
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-14) Cabral, Serli de Oliveira; Xavier, Andre da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3603-9382; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4012167873514652; Otoni, Wagner Campos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-9373; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6132560404570245; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-6634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445
The cassava (Manihot esculenta), commonly known as yuca or manioc, is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and is one of the primary food crops. There is a growing interest in improving cassava for industrial applications, such as the production of biofuels and ethanol, making Active Germplasm Banks (AGBs) essential for conserving and selecting genotypes with desirable agronomic and industrial characteristics. One aspect that has been relatively unexplored is the foliar subsessility phenotype, which is present in certain cassava genotypes. The hypothesis is that these genotypes may offer advantages in field conditions due to their reduced petiole size, leading to a more efficient distribution of assimilates and, consequently, improved productivity. This characteristic can be leveraged in the development of more productive and resistant varieties using gene editing techniques. The objective of this research was to characterize, describe, and compare two cassava genotypes with the foliar subsessility phenotype at the molecular, anatomical, and physiological levels. Molecular, anatomical, and physiological analyses provided valuable information, enhancing the understanding of the implications of this phenotype. The results from field and physiological observations indicate that foliar subsessility in genotypes M1 and M2 influences the plant's canopy architecture, resulting ina "bouquet" configuration with overlapping leaves. This configuration demonstrated higher light capture efficiency, with higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, suggesting greater photosynthetic potential and possibly a higher plant density per hectare. In addition, a unique growth gradient was identified in these subsessile genotypes that require more detailed investigations into the hormonal factors involved in this process. Molecular analyses revealed that, despite similarities in phenotypic patterns, no specific background genetic pattern was identified associated with the foliar subsessility phenotype, indicating that this variation may occur spontaneously in any genotype or variety. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in the anatomy of stabilized short petioles, including the presence of a shell-like structure surrounded by filling/fundamental parenchyma cells and the absence of cambium. These results suggest that the variation found in genotypes with foliar subsessility may be associated with differential responses to edaphoclimatic factors, but further complementary assays are needed for a more comprehensive explanation. Understanding the genetic factors that control this phenotype is crucial for the genetic improvement of the cassava crop. Additional research at the transcriptome and proteome levels of these genotypes can contribute to mapping the genetic factors responsible for the subsessility phenotype, paving the way for expanding the potential of this crop through Innovative Techniques in Precision Breeding (ITPBs).
Caracterização morfoagronômica e molecular de feijão comum
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-31) Alves, Ludimila Pimenta; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Moulin, Monique Moreira; Zago, Hugo Bolsoni
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important legume for the world population to be supplier of protein. The modernization of agriculture has caused the loss of genetic diversity bean. The activities of collection and characterization of germplasm possible to know regional genotypes and contribute to minimize the loss of genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to characterize 20 bean genotypes of germplasm bank of the Plant Production Department of School of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, through morphological markers, living with spiderwort and molecular markers. They used commercial genotypes 5 and 15 regional acquired from family farmers in the Alegre county, Espírito Santo, Caparaó Capixaba region. Morphoagronomic analyzes were performed, analysis of coexistence with the weed Commelina diffusa and molecular analysis using 9 ISSR primers. The results showed that there was complete agreement between the groupings made by the qualitative and molecular characters. There is a significant genetic diversity in the sample bean genotypes from the Alegre county, Espirito Santo, Capixaba Caparaó region (regional), but between commercial genotypes, diversity is relatively narrow. Commercial cultivars showed little dissimilarity between themselves. The spiderwort can influence the development of the bean, and the cultivars may exhibit different behavior in relation to coexistence. The morphoagronomic and molecular characterization were effective in differentiating the genotypes and both accessions were considered distinct
Caracterização morfoagronômica, bromatológica e molecular de germoplasma de capsicum spp
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-07-31) Brilhante, Bruna Dias Gomes; Bento, Cíntia dos Santos; Moulin, Monique Moreira; Pirovani, Daiani Bernado
Chilli peppers of the genus Capsicum have economic, nutritional and social significance. The existence of detailed information on the potential of use of the accesses is fundamental for the improvement of plants. In order to begin the development of a breeding program it is necessary to have divergent genetic material, and estimates of genetic diversity are known to better exploit these genetic differences. The objective of this study was to characterize and estimate the genetic diversity among 69 accessions of Capsicum spp. The accessions were collected from Espírito Santo farmers and family agriculture fairs in that state, as well as donations from the UENF (State University of Norte Fluminense). The germplasm collection of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (Ifes ), Alegre Campus. The experimental design was a randomized block with 69 treatments and four replications, totaling 276 plants. We used 39 morphoagronomic descriptors (25 qualitative and 14 quantitative), six chemical descriptors and ten Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) for molecular characterization. The qualitative variables were submitted to descriptive analysis through fashion and the quantitative and bromatological descriptors submitted to variance analysis, Scott-Knott's grouping of means (1974) and relative importance of characteristics by the method of Singh (1981). The distance matrix of the quantitative variables was obtained by the Mahalanobis distance and the qualitative data by means of the hierarchical methods. To obtain the genetic dissimilarity matrix, based on the ISSR loci, the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard Index was used. Subsequently, a joint analysis of the quantitative and qualitative morphoagronomic variables was performed by Gower algorithm, a cluster for bromatological analysis and another for molecular analysis. Variation was observed for most qualitative characters. For the quantitative morphoagronomic characters and bromatological parameters a significant variation of values was also observed. The ISSR markers were efficient to detect the genetic variability between the accesses, being the marker UENF 04 the most polymorphic. Based on the morphoagronomic, bromatological and molecular characterizations, it was possible to verify high phenotypic and genotypic variability, and all the accesses obtained were considered different. No correlation was detected between the geographic distances and the genetic distances, configuring a lack of structuring between the genetic variability and the collection site, which can be explained by the practice of constant exchanges between the rural producers of the region. The IFCA 31 and IFCA 40 accessions were considered promising for a plant breeding program for ornamental purposes because they presented lower plant height and crown diameter. The IFCA 8 and IFCA 28 accessions of the food processing industry, since they have higher values of soluble solids, implying better sensory characteristics (flavor and aroma). The ISSR markers were efficient to access the genetic variability of the pepper accessions, being possible to observe some correspondences with the morphoagronomic and bromatological characterizations.
Caracterização morfofisiológica de populações de conilon provenientes de progenitores contrastantes para tolerância à seca
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-07-12) Silva, Francisco Davi da; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos; Sobreira, Franciele Barros de Souza; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar
The objective of this study was to study two populations from crosses of Coffea canephora var. Conilon (76-tolerant x 4-susceptible and 76x48-foldable) in relation to drought tolerance, by examining variations in a set of morphological, photosynthetic and compound concentrations in leaf tissues when subjected to drought in order to identify superior genotypes and select the most discriminatory variables for drought tolerance. The experiment was conducted without irrigation, at the Incaper Experimental Farm, in Marilândia - ES. The evaluations occurred in July / 2015, December / 2015 and April / 2016, the latter being the most critical drought period. Clone 76 showed superiority among the progenitor clones, and the population (pop.) 76x04 had better morphophysiological characteristics, compared to pop. 76x48, with a higher concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, less reduction in total leaf area, photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transport rate of electrons (ETS). It also showed lower efficiency of water use (A/gs), which indicates greater effective water use. There was great variability between and within populations. The grouping analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), where 14 groups were found in July / 2015 and April / 2016 and 16 groups in December / 2015 for pop. 76x48, and seven groups in July and December / 2015, and six groups in April 2016 for pop. 76x04. By comparing the means of the groups obtained, we identified groups 9 and 10 of pop. 76x48, and groups 2 and 5 of pop. 76x04 as superior for drought tolerance. The specific leaf area (AFE), trait length (EC), ETR, A, gs and A / gs were the most important variables to discriminate individuals / groups regarding performance under water stress conditions.
Cariótipo e conteúdo de DNA nuclear de Passiflora L.: uma contribuição para sistemática e evolução do gênero
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-08-27) Ferreira, Darley Aparecido Tavares; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Karsburg, Isane Vera; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Oliveira, Stefani Cristina de
Passiflora L. comprises five subgenera subdivided into subdivided into 16 supersections, 31 sections and 13 series. The genus has been studied in several aspects, botanical, systematic and evolutionary. However, its delimitation at the infrageneric level is still subject to discussion. Classical karyotype data and the size of the nuclear genome have been considered informative for the refinement of this knowledge. Based on this premise, the present study had two focus: a) revisiting, expanding and updating the information on karyotype and nuclear value 2C in species belonging to the subgenus Astrophea, Decaloba, Deidamioides and Passiflora. b) Analyze the data in the viewpoint of the systematic and evolution. As result, chromosome number knowledge was expanded for nine species and confirmed for 19. Chromosomes class was determinated for 19 species and reevaluated for nine. In all species analyzed the karyogram was assembled, being in 24 taxa for the first time and in four updated. Chromosome number counts revealed 2n = 12 for the subgenus Decaloba, 2n = 18 and 2n = 20 for the subgenus Passiflora and 2n = 24 on the subgenera Astrophea and Deidamioides and the unpublished 2n = 48 chromosomes in P. contracta (subgenus Deidamioides). Chromosome class ranged between metacentrics and submetacentrics pairs with exception of some acrocentrics in P. lindeniana (two pairs) and P. arborea (three pairs), both of the subgenus Astrophea. This presence of acrocentrics chromosomes evidenced probable occurrence of dysploidy within the genus. The knowledge of genome size in the genus Passiflora was also extended to 19 species and updated to 22. Nuclear 2C value exhibited differences up to 925% betweem species, where the lowest value found was 0.59 pg (P. capsularis - Decaloba) and the greater 5.46 pg for (P. quadrangularis - Passiflora). For some species the increase in genome size is correlated with the increase of the chromosome number, a consequence of the polyploidy. Already in others, this relation was not observed suggesting the occurrence of structural rearrangements. In conclusion, the karyotype and genome size of the genus Passiflora suggest diversification by polyploidy and disploidia. The number x = 6 is probably the ancestral chromosome number of the genus. Moreover, the data analyzes were complementary with systematic approaches of the genus and provided support for the current subgeneric classification of this taxon.
Comparação de Modelos Genético-estatisticos para Seleção de Híbridos de Milho em Ensaios Preliminares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-30) Guilhen, José Henrique Soler; Guimarães, Lauro José Moreira; Pastina, Maria Marta; Ferreira, Adésio; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz; Souza, Tércio da Silva de

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