Doutorado em Ciências Florestais
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Portaria nº 398 de 29 de maio de 2025, publicado no DOU de 02/06/2025. Homologação do Parecer CNE/CES nº 176/2025
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração:Ciências Florestais
Url do curso: https://cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL/detalhes-do-curso?id=1425
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- ItemCarbono, serapilheira e fertilidade do solo em monocultivo e sistema silvipastoril(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-06-26) Coelho, Marino Salgarello; Effgen, Emanuel Maretto; https://orcid.org/000-0002-9031-6337; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0205196565849611; Gama-Rodrigues, Emanuela Forestieri da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-1072; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9655356620549397; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-9891; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3624066484009682; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-3845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9653804281973683; Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Rodrigues de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-8005; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1293627013882628; Dan, Mauricio Lima ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-081X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4634459670843421; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8579; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110967421921927; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-2493; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4127505406039950Silvopastoral systems are an alternative for the recovery of degraded pastures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the litterfall input and decomposition, the increase in nutrient levels, and the C and N stock in the soil in different models of monoculture and silvopastoral systems in the south of Espírito Santo. Cultivation systems were implemented in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil: pasture in monoculture, eucalyptus in monoculture, pasture and eucalyptus in a silvopastoral system, pasture, eucalyptus, and leucaena in a silvopastoral system, and pasture and araribá (Caesalpinia ferrea) in a silvopastoral system. Soil fertility, soil C and N stock, the contribution of trees to soil C formation, biological N fixation, and litterfall input using collectors and litterbags to evaluate the decomposition of forest species' leaves were analyzed over a one-year period. The pasture in monoculture and the pasture and araribá in a silvopastoral system treatments showed the highest soil nutrient levels, attributed to low absorption and above-ground biomass composition compared to the eucalyptus in monoculture, pasture and eucalyptus in a silvopastoral system, and pasture, eucalyptus, and leucaena in a silvopastoral system. Total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents tended to increase over the 36 months of analysis, while phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur showed a decrease in their soil content. The carbon and nitrogen stock in the soil did not show considerable increases at 36 months. Only the pasture in monoculture treatment showed a higher N stock considering the depth down to 40 cm. Although no differences were found in the C and N stock in the studied systems, there was a change in the soil surface (up to 5 cm) from a grass-derived C source to a tree-derived C source in the eucalyptus in monoculture and pasture and eucalyptus in a silvopastoral system treatments. For the nitrogen stock, the biological fixation by legumes did not promote an increase of this nutrient in the soil. There was no difference in the annual dry mass input from leaves, miscellaneous components, and the total. Each silvopastoral system presented a different input dynamic over time, related to the region's climatic conditions and management. The pasture and araribá in a silvopastoral system treatment correlated senescence with wet periods, the eucalyptus in monoculture treatment correlated with temperature, while the pasture and eucalyptus in a silvopastoral system and the pasture, eucalyptus, and leucaena in a silvopastoral system treatments correlated negatively with winds. The total content of contributed nutrients followed a pattern in descending order of quantity: Ca>K>Mg>P>S for leaves and K>Ca>Mg>P>S for miscellaneous components and the total. The decomposition of the araribá species was greater than that of the eucalyptus species, and the nutrient mineralization speed followed the descending order K>Mg>P>S>Ca for the eucalyptus species and K>P>Mg>Ca>S for the araribá species. The systems with eucalyptus tended to contribute a greater dry mass, which ensured a higher nutrient input compared to the system with araribá. The decomposition dynamics showed that the leaves of the araribá species have a higher decomposition rate and nutrient availability. The use of a silvopastoral system aids in nutrient cycling and in improving the sustainability of agricultural activity and the environmental quality of properties
- ItemCaracterização espectral e fusão de dados lidar e hiperespectrais coletados por drone para estimar a biomassa acima do solo de florestas secundárias da mata atlântica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-28) Rodrigues, Nívea Maria Mafra; Almeida, André Quintão de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-1762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5929672339693607; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-6284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8643263800313625; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3750-0813; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1359706450652133; Almeida, Catherine Torres de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-2903; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5534145837431294; Gonçalves, Fábio Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/http://lattes.cnpq.br/1116245566543036 ; Martins Neto, Rorai Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-2627; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4925375972651580; Gorgens, Eric Bastos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2517-0279; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2266409430041146Tropical forests play a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle, biodiversity conservation, soil and water preservation, and provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Therefore, improving tropical forest monitoring using data collected by a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) is crucial to ensuring these services. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the use of hyperspectral data collected by an RPA to characterize the vegetation of secondary forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest at different successional stages. Additionally, another objective was to combine LiDAR and hyperspectral data to enhance the estimation of aboveground biomass (AGB) and to spatialize these estimates in the studied areas. To achieve this, all tree individuals (D > 5 cm) were identified and inventoried in 30 field plots (30 × 30 m each) across five forest remnants located in the southern region of Espírito Santo state. Aerial point clouds and hyperspectral image cubes were generated for all analyzed fragments simultaneously with the field forest inventory. Subsequently, traditional metrics and metrics derived from the Fourier transform of canopy height were estimated from the point clouds, along with spectral information, including reflectance values and vegetation indices, for each plot. The successional stages of the analyzed secondary forest fragments could be distinguished using hyperspectral data collected by RPA. In the context of secondary tropical forests, characterized by high structural variability and different successional stages, the integration of LiDAR and hyperspectral data resulted in minimal improvements in AGB estimation accuracy. In some cases, data fusion did not improve the results compared to models based solely on LiDAR, indicating that spectral information did not significantly contribute to enhancing AGB estimates.
- ItemAvaliação de estágios sucessionais de florestas estacionais semideciduais com uso de dados hiperespectrais e LiDAR obtidos a partir de aeronave remotamente pilotada(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-06-03) Pinon, Tobias Baruc Moreira; Almeida, André Quintão de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-1762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5929672339693607; Effgen, Emanuel Maretto ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-6337; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0205196565849611; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8579; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110967421921927; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-1024; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8571909054406808; Almeida, Catherine Torres de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-2903; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5534145837431294; Fernandes, Milton Marques ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-0020; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2151263512584100; Martins Neto, Rorai Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-2627; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4925375972651580; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-6284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8643263800313625The Atlantic Forest in the state of Espírito Santo has undergone intense degradation, highlighting the urgent need for rapid and accurate methods for its monitoring and conservation. Brazilian Resolution Conama No. 29/1994 establishes criteria for classifying secondary vegetation into successional stages, which determine the potential for forest use. However, this classification, when carried out in the field, is heavily reliant on the expertise of the technical team, due to factors such as training, subjective criteria, and the lack of adequate instruments—potentially compromising the reliability of the results. In this context, the objective of this study was to classify successional stages of vegetation using data acquired by hyperspectral and LiDAR sensors mounted on a Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). The research was conducted in regenerating pasturelands and forest fragments located in southern Espírito Santo, where dendrometric variables such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and total tree height were collected within 30 × 30 m plots. These field measurements were related to hyperspectral (with and without shadow) and LiDAR-derived metrics to estimate dendrometric parameters—mean diameter (D), mean height (H), and basal area (G)—using regression models. Model accuracy was evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R²), and histograms of percentage error. Successional stage classification was performed using a rule-based method under two scenarios: one with three stages (initial, intermediate, and advanced), and another including the regenerating pasture class. In addition, an unsupervised classification was conducted using hierarchical clustering based on the estimated dendrometric variables and structural and spectral metrics, resulting in five groups: three successional stages and two pasture categories (open and dense shrublands). A principal component analysis (PCA) was also applied. The variables D and H were estimated with higher accuracy using combined data (adjusted R² = 88% and 90%, respectively), while G performed best with LiDAR data alone (adjusted R² = 92%). Shadow pixel removal slightly improved model performance, although its impact on predictive quality was limited. The rule-based classification with three categories achieved an overall accuracy of 88% (Kappa = 0.81), decreasing to 68% (Kappa = 0.59) with the inclusion of the regenerating pasture class. The unsupervised classification using the estimated variables for five classes (open and dense shrublands, and successional stages) reached an accuracy of 64% (Kappa = 0.55). Conversely, the classification based solely on hyperspectral metrics showed high agreement with field-defined stages (92%), whereas LiDAR metrics presented lower correspondence. Multivariate analysis revealed that spectral and structural metrics adequately represent the successional gradient. The integration of hyperspectral and LiDAR data proved effective for the automated mapping of large and inaccessible areas, providing a promising tool to complement forest inventories and reduce subjectivity in the application of legal criteria
- ItemEcophysiological aspects of production of Melanoxylon brauna Schott. seedlings(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-27) Simões, Ingridh Medeiros; Lopes, José Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-0547 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-6773 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-9349; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1675759323773218; Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-8382 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7905575260641836; Maciel, Khetrin Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-7917; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6753673403909545; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-4016 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3640768649683482The species Melanoxylon brauna Schott. is classified as vulnerable to extinction due to its high level of logging and lack of replanting. Numerous problems are attributed to this species, such as obtaining and viability of seeds, as it is attractive to predators; production of seedlings on a commercial scale in nurseries, due to the substrate used in their propagation, fertilization and excess water, which leads to death. The objective of this work is to analyze the survival and quality of M. brauna seedlings when produced in different soil/substrate compositions, aiming to define the optimal soil/substrate relationship for large-scale seedling production. The soil close to the mother tree (T3) was the one that showed the greatest growth of seedlings after 150 days of setting up the experiment. The orthogonal contrast shows that the underground land (T2) is different for treatments 4; 5; 6 and 7, which have soil close to the matrix in the substrate mixture, which is associated with the activity of the enzymes APX, CAT, POD and SOD. The soil enzymes β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase showed high activity in the organic substrate (T1), followed by the soil close to the parent tree (T3), suggesting that these enzymes are important biochemical markers for evaluating soil quality, however, it is not sufficient to maintaining the survival of seedlings in the organic substrate. For the production of M. brauna seedlings, it is recommended to use 100% soil close to the braúna parent tree. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate whether the interaction with specific microorganisms, or some metabolite produced by them, by the plant and/or this interaction, are responsible for this survival of M. brauna seedlings
- ItemEstimação de áreas seccionais de troncos de árvores individuais por meio de dados coletados remotamente(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-04-09) Lavagnoli, Gabriel Lessa da Silva; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-6284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8643263800313625; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-1990; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9310315398167707; Almeida, André Quintão de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-1762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5929672339693607; Soares, Carlos Pedro Boechat; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6475-3376; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0959425632265455; Cosenza, Diogo Nepomuceno; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-8002; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0496006405127895; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8579; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110967421921927This thesis investigates the accuracy in the measurement of tree trunk cross-sectional areas, highlighting the practical importance of this variable for forest inventories and its implications for volume and biomass estimates. The work is structured into two complementary studies. The first study evaluates the impacts of convexity and isoperimetric deficits on traditional measurement methods, such as calipers and diameter tapes, comparing them to a photographic method developed by the author, which calculates areas and estimates contours through pixel counting. The results showed that traditional methods exhibit significant systematic errors, arising from the incorrect assumption of perfect circularity of cross-sections, whereas the photographic method demonstrated high precision, with mean relative errors below 0.1%. The second study proposes a computational methodology for estimating cross-sectional areas from point clouds obtained using a GeoSLAM LIDAR sensor, comparing the measurements with those obtained from a high-precision infrared scanner (EinScan). The research involved the analysis of 56 eucalyptus trees, comprising more than 1,000 cross-sections. Additional simulations of traditional methods were also conducted for direct comparison. It was observed that traditional techniques, once again, tended to overestimate the areas (with a mean bias of approximately 2.8%), while the LiDAR-based method showed the opposite trend, with a mean bias of -8.12%. However, after applying a specific mathematical correction, the LiDAR estimates achieved excellent accuracy, with a relative root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.4%, a mean relative bias close to zero, and a mean absolute relative error (MAE) of 1.65%, demonstrating great potential for practical applications after appropriate adjustments.