Doutorado em Ciências Florestais
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo:Ofício N. 39-12/2007/CTC/CCA/CAPES de 31/07/2007
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração:Ciências Florestais
Url do curso: https://cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL/detalhes-do-curso?id=1425
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- ItemTolerância, temperatura letal e memória de aclimatação de clone de Eucalyptus submetidos á geada(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-05-27) Galvão, Elayne Katia dos Santos; Toledo, João Vitor; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Xavier, Talita Miranda Teixeira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-4016; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Castro Neto, Manoel Teixeira de; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Pirovani, Daiani Bernardo; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Klippel, Valéria Hollunder; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/Climate change has increased the frequency of extreme events, affecting global forestry, especially in eucalyptus plantations. In southern Brazil, a prominent region in the production of this species, seasonal events challenge the productivity of eucalyptus crops. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance to tolerance of eucalyptus clones recommended for the region (Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, E. saligna, E. dunnii and E. benthamii), to verify if it is possible to induce tolerance to tolerance in the hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis through cold acclimatization, also determining the duration of the memory induced. In a climate-controlled chamber, the tolerance to tolerance study was carried out, changes of the aforementioned clones were tested for their tolerance in tolerance simulations at temperatures of -1.5; -2.2; -2.9; -3.4; -4.4 and -6.2 °C. After the sessions, the gas exchange configurations, visual damage index, electrolyte extravasation at lethal temperature (TL50) were evaluated and biochemical analyses were performed quantifying soluble sugars, flavonoids, phenols and anthocyanins. In the acclimation study, E. grandis x E. urophylla seedlings were divided into two groups: one controlled to a period of cold acclimation (5°C to 15°C) and the other, control (without acclimation), maintained at temperatures of 12°C to 27°C, both for 21 days with a 10-hour photoperiod. Subsequently, they were tested for their acclimation memory at 15, 45 and 60 days. The study of the duration of acclimation memory was carried out at a temperature of -4.4°C, determined in a previous test carried out at time zero, using temperatures of -2.0; -3.0; -3.5, -4.4 and -5.0°C, where the temperature of -4.4°C was selected to highlight the differences in tolerance between acclimated and non-acclimated plants. In the patience tolerance study, Eucalyptus benthamii was the most tolerant clone, while the hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis was the most susceptible. E. benthamii showed greater stomatal control, preserved photosynthetic rates and exhibited higher levels of soluble sugars and anthocyanins. In the patience tolerance induction study, it was possible to induce greater tolerance in E. urophylla x E. grandis, immediately after acclimatization, however concluding that the memory of the acclimatization caused is not persistent. The knowledge elucidated here can support management plans in areas at risk of complications, as well as guide geneticists and forestry professionals regarding the best crosses to be performed to result in more tolerant hybrids.
- ItemConservação Ex Situ E Tolerância À Dessecação Em Sementes De Lecythis Pisonis Cambess(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-23) Araujo, Caroline Palacio de; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-6773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-2543; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1424851890250661; Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-4969; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7905575260641836; Lopes, José Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-0547; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1183524198654764; Pereira, Wilson Vicente Souza ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-8382; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2641981653845321; Maciel, Khétrin Silva ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-7917; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6753673403909545The species Lecythis pisonis Cambess. is a chestnut tree belonging to the Lecythidaceae family, commonly found in the Atlantic Forest and Amazon biomes. Studies related to its propagation and ex situ conservation are important, contributing to the protection of its genetic resources over time. This research answers important questions related to the propagation of the seminiferous species L. pisonis, whose objectives were a) Chapter I – to study fixed temperatures and thermal shocks at different exposure times on the physiology of seeds and initial growth of L. pisonis seedlings; b) chapter II – analyze the influence of seed size and shading on seedling emergence and the phenotypic and photosynthetic plasticity of L. pisonis seedlings; c) chapter III – analyze tolerance to desiccation and maintenance of seed viability of the chestnut tree L. pisonis; and d) chapter IV – analyze the physiological quality of L. pisonis seeds during ex situ storage under different temperature conditions and time variations. Chapter I was divided into experiment 1 (fixed temperatures 30; 35; 40; 45 and 50 °C and thermal shocks at temperatures 30-35; 30-40; 30-45; 30-50; 35-40; 35-45; 35-50; 40-45; 40-50 and 45-50 °C at exposure times of 20 h/4 h and 21 h/3 h) and experiment 2 (fixed temperatures 30 and 45 °C and thermal shock 30-45 °C at exposure times 23.5 h/0.5 h; 23 h/1 h; 22 h/2 h; 21 h/3 h; 19 h/5 h; 18 h/6 h and 17 h/7 h ). Both were conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications of 25 seeds each, totaling 100 seeds/treatment. In Chapter II, the treatments were arranged in a randomized block design and split-plot system, analyzing seed mass (small: 4 to 5.9 g; medium: 6 to 7.9 g and large: 8 to 9.9 g) x reduction in light capacity (0; 30; 50; 70 and 80%), using four repetitions of 25 seeds each, totaling 100 seeds/treatment. In Chapter III, the treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, consisting of treatments with different water contents in the seeds (30%, 15%, 10%, and 4%). Then, part of the seeds with a water content of 4% was stored in aluminum containers for three months at freezer (-20) and ultrafreezer (-86 °C) temperatures. Each treatment consisted of 100 seeds, organized in four replications of 25 seeds each. Chapter IV was divided into two storage experiments, with L. pisonis seeds placed in Kraft Nat® paper bags (jute bags) measuring 23.5 x 10 x 31.5 cm and stored in germination chambers of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) type, at temperature and relative humidity of 25 °C (RH = 63%); 6 °C (RH = 49%); 2 °C (RH = 31%) and -6 °C (RH = 10%), with the emergence of experiment 1 conducted in BOD and that of experiment 2 in a greenhouse. In Chapter, I, experiment 1 presented efficient results when exposing L. pisonis seeds to thermal shock 30-45 °C (20 h/4 h) and in experiment 2, when subjecting the seeds to thermal shock 30-45 °C (21h/3h). In both cases, there was high seedling emergence, high vigor, and an efficient antioxidant system, with increased activity of the enzymes SOD, CAT, and APX. In Chapter II, it was observed that large seeds showed the highest seedling emergence (83.9%) when exposed to shading of 49.32% (~50%). In Chapter III, seedling emergence decreased depending on the water content in the seeds (30>15>10>4%), varying between 88 and 64% emergence, respectively, which were classified as intermediate seeds. In Chapter IV, experiment 1 obtained greater germination (95%) and seedling emergence (65%) in seeds stored at 2 °C for 11 months. For experiment 2, seeds stored at a temperature of 6 °C achieved seedling emergence rates greater than 70% for most months of storage. It is concluded in Chapter I that the thermal shock of 30-45 °C at exposure times of 20 h/4 h and 21 h/3 h are optimal for the emergence of L. pisonis seedlings. In Chapter II, the use of large seeds (8 to 9.9 g) and 50% shading is recommended for the emergence of L. pisonis seedlings. In Chapter III, it is concluded that L. pisonis seeds have intermediate characteristics. In Chapter IV, it is concluded that it is possible to preserve L. pisonis seeds for one year in storage at a temperature of 6 °C, which are classified as intermediate seeds. Keywords: seeds, germination, oilseed plants, seed storage, seed physiology.
- ItemLógica Fuzzy Aplicada Para Análise de Riscos de Incêndios Florestais Para o Bioma Amazônia, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-22) Carvalho, Rita de Cássia Freire; Santos, Alexandre Rosa dos ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-9451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7125826645310758; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-2430; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6449713515797354; Peluzio, Telma Machado de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-9239; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2216111713065095; Ferrari, Jéferson Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-6428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5213847780149836; Fiedler, Nilton Cesar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-3660; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8699171075880935; Dias, Henrique Machado; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-7846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5565852508873092Forest fires have emerged as an environmental issue of relevance in recent years, demanding the attention of researchers. Forest ecosystems, such as the Amazon biome, are increasingly threatened by forest fires. In this context, the main objective of this study was to develop a model capable of predicting the location and quantification of forest fires in the Amazon biome, Brazil, using Fuzzy logic. For the development of the fuzzy logic-based fire risk model, the following variables were used: temperature, water deficiency, precipitation, altitude, slope, aspect, population density, highways, and land use/cover. Three forest fire risk modeling approaches were conducted to test different membership functions for the same variable, referred to in this study as Forest Fire Risk 1 (FFR 1), employing the linear increasing, linear decreasing, generalized bell-shaped, and Gaussian fuzzy membership functions; in Forest Fire Risk 2 (FFR 2) modeling, large and small fuzzy membership functions were used; and in Forest Fire Risk 3 (FFR 3) modeling, the large fuzzy membership function was applied to all variables. Subsequently, a fire density map was generated using fire scar data from the MapBiomas database, followed by a Pearson correlation analysis to check the consistency of the maps and identify the most effective model. Among the three modeling approaches, FFR 1 showed the highest Pearson correlation value; thus, it was determined to be the best model capable of predicting the location of forest fires. The Amazon biome is classified as having a medium risk of fire occurrence, which corresponds to 30.05% of the entire study region, an area of approximately 1,263,561.00 km². Therefore, it is understood that the forest fire risk modeling was effective in predicting and quantifying the risk of forest fires for the Brazilian Amazon biome.
- ItemModelagem de riscos de incêndios florestais e otimização da alocação das estruturas de combate por meio de técnicas de inteligência artificial(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-31) Silva, Jeferson Pereira Martins; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; https://orcid.org/0000000178536284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8643263800313625; https://orcid.org/0000000315521127; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6748966859692740; Barros Junior, Antonio Almeida de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-7221; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5104467305835940; Almeida, André Quintão de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-1762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5929672339693607; Pezzopane, Jose Eduardo Macedo; https://orcid.org/0000000300244016; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3640768649683482; Silva, Evandro Ferreira daThis study presents an approach to wildfire management integrating a WebGIS system and artificial intelligence. To train the deep learning model, data related to vegetation, topography, anthropogenic factors, and historical fire records for the year 2008 in Andalusia, Spain were collected. The dataset was duly normalized and split into 70% for training, 10% for validation, and 20% for testing. Various algorithms and activation functions were evaluated, with the combination of Adam and Relu standing out, recording an accuracy of 0.86 during training. Based on this model, a risk map was generated. By applying the K-means method to this map, high-risk areas were identified, and central points for the installation of firefighting infrastructures were suggested. To validate the model's efficacy, the suggested positions were compared with the actual locations of firefighting aircraft in Andalusia, Spain. With 31 clusters and a risk threshold of 0.75, the proximity between the proposed coordinates and the actual ones was notable, reinforcing the practical potential of the approach proposed in this study.
- ItemEfeito dos tutores de madeira tratada com CCA-C na qualidade da pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) cultivada no norte do estado do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-31) Rosa, Arlon Bastos da; Paes, Juarez Benigno; https://orcid.org/0000000347764246; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3454401627877927; https://orcid.org/0000000161335988; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0436776646557918; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; Medeiros Neto, Pedro Nicó de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-0050; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6441001734932075; Baraúna, Edy Eime Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-9592; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3160416445274012; Lopez, Yonny MartinezThe objective of the research was to analyze the effects of using wooden stakes treated with chromated copper arsenate, type C (CCA-C) on the quality of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) cultivated in the north of the State of Espírito Santo. To evaluate the concentration of copper, chromium and arsenic elements, components of CCA-C, samples were collected from underground roots, green and mature fruits of plants aged 5; 7 and 13 years, plus the control (5-year-old plants, untreated wooden tutor). For the quantification of the elements, the material was dried, crushed and digested in a 2N hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution, and submitted to chemical analysis in mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS/MS), using helium (He), as a collision gas. The results indicated that copper was found in higher concentrations in plants, being more adsorbed by underground roots, with a decrease in green and ripe fruits. Chromium behaved similarly to copper, and arsenic did not show differences between the analyzed ages, being with a concentration lower than that allowed by the Resolution of the Collegiate Board - RDC 26, June 2nd, 2015, of the Brazilian Health Ministry. For plants aged 5 and 7 years (treated tutors) copper concentration was observed above the maximum allowed. However, copper concentrations in mature fruits from plants aged 13 years were within acceptable values. Thus, fruits of different ages and plant staking must be mixed and homogenized in order to obtain a good quality product that can be consumed without major consequences to human health.