Mestrado em Nutrição e Saúde

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    Influência dos capsinóides sobre a contratilidade e morfologia cardíaca de ratos com obesidade
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-13) Domingos, Lucas Furtado; Lima-Leopoldo, Ana Paula ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-4418; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Leopoldo, André Soares ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-2671; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-8104; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Bocalini, Danilo Sales; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Campos, Dijon Henrique Salomé de; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation. The elevation of adiposity can cause various damages to the cardiovascular system, including pathological cardiac remodeling and impaired myocardial function, respectively. Currently, functional foods and compounds have been used by consumers in an attempt for reducing body fat, including capsinoids (compounds analogous to capsaicin found in chili peppers). These bioactive compounds have demonstrated thermogenic effects, being able to promote physiological changes and to provide support to food digestion, directly influencing the loss of body mass. The literature has shown that capsinoids act to mobilize lipids by activating the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), however, possible side effects on different target organs, specifically cardiac tissue, remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of capsinoids on cardiac contractility and morphology of rats with obesity (Ob) induced by a saturated high-fat diet. Wistar rats (n = 41) were randomized, induced and exposed to different experimental diets: standard diet (SD) and high-fat diet (HFD) with lard for a period of 27 consecutive weeks. After 19 weeks, the SD and HFD animals were renamed and redistributed into two more groups regarding the presence and/or absence of capsinoids: Control (C); Obese (Ob); Control supplemented with capsinoids (CCap); Obese supplemented with capsinoids (ObCap). CCap and ObCap received capsinoids at a dose of 10 mg/Kg by orogastric gavage. Body weight (BW) and fat, body adiposity index, as well as changes in cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal profiles were determined. Myocardial contractility was analyzed in isolated cardiomyocytes. The results show that there was no difference in the evolution of BW between the SD and HFD groups until week 19, however, from that point onwards, the BW and gain were higher than in the HFD group. After the period of treatment with capsinoids, it was observed that the fat pads and, consequently, the total body fat of the Ob animals were significantly higher than C group, however, the adiposity was similar between the Ob and ObCap groups. Nevertheless, the retroperitoneal fat pad of ObCap group was punctually increased compared to the Ob group. In addition, the results showed that there was an increase in insulin, leptin and cholesterol levels in the Ob group when compared to the C group, but no changes in these parameters or in the lipid and hormonal profiles between the Ob and ObCap groups. No differences were observed in heart mass, tibia length and their respective ratio. The cardiac parameters of isolated cardiomyocytes showed no changes in myocardial contractility; treatment with capsinoids did not lead to an improvement in contractile parameters. In conclusion, treatment with capsinoids, as a non-pharmacological strategy, did not positively modulate myocardial contractility in obesity
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    Risco nutricional, sintomas de impacto nutricional e fatores associados em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-23) Soares, Louise Vasconcelos de Oliveira; Salaroli, Luciane Bresciani; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-0306; Soares, Fabíola Lacerda Pires; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-5754; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Viana, Mirelle Lomar; Martucci, Renata Brum
    Introduction: According to the National Cancer Institute, malignant neoplasia is the main public health problem worldwide. Malnutrition is a common finding in head and neck cancer (HNC), and factors such as tumor location, treatments used, side effects, and disease stage directly or indirectly affect nutritional status. Early detection of nutritional risk and nutritional impact symptoms (NIS) can lead to better nutritional status and more favorable clinical outcomes. Objective: To identify factors associated with nutritional risk and assess whether NIS, measured by the Head and Neck Symptoms Checklist (HNSC), are significant determinants of nutritional risk according to the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) in patients with HNC. Method: This is a cross-sectional study involving 132 patients with HNC from a reference oncology hospital in Vitória. Data collection took place between September 2022 and January 2024, shortly after the diagnosis was confirmed. A questionnaire was administered, including sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, and dietary changes. Anthropometric assessment, nutritional risk screening using NRS-2002, and SIN screening using HNSC were performed. Results: Among the participants, 46.2% were found to be at nutritional risk. It was observed that a household income of up to 2 minimum wages increased the chances of developing nutritional risk by 2.9 times (OR = 2.916; 95% CI = 1.017-8.359; p = 0.046). Additionally, each centimeter increase in calf circumference (CC) reduced the chances of nutritional risk by 24.9% (OR = 0.751; 95% CI = 0.646-0.873; p < 0.001). Patients with an income ≤ 2 minimum wages had a 0.54 point increase in NRS-2002 score compared to those with an income > 2 minimum wages (p = 0.026). Regarding NIS, each point in the dysphagia score (p = 0.002) and olfactory alteration (p = 0.024) increased the NRS score by 0.19 points. Conclusion: Individuals with low income are more likely to be at nutritional risk, while those with a higher CC have a reduced risk, highlighting these factors as critical determinants of the nutritional status of HNC patients. Additionally, socioeconomic profile and NIS, such as dysphagia and olfactory alteration, are crucial factors for increasing nutritional risk in the pre-treatment period.
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    Sintomas de impacto nutricional em indivíduos com câncer de cabeça e pescoço
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-07-16) Rosario, Thainá Cezini do; Soares, Fabíola Lacerda Pires; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Salaroli, Luciane Bresciani; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-0306; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Viana, Mirelle Lomar; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Gomes, Daiene Rosa; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Haraguchi, Fabiano Kenji; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Pedroso, Márcia Regina de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Introduction: Head and neck cancer (HNC) affects areas directly related to the digestive tract, leading to inadequate food intake and is consistently associated with symptoms that impact nutritional status (SIN). These symptoms exacerbate the reduction in food consumption, which affects nutritional status. Objective: To analyze the severity of SIN and the interference in oral intake on the nutritional status of pre-treatment HNC patients at a reference oncology center in Greater Vitória, ES, Brazil. Method: This is a study with HNC patients from a reference oncology hospital in the metropolitan region of Vitória. A questionnaire was administered, including sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, and dietary change variables. Anthropometric evaluation was performed, nutritional risk screening using NRS-2002, and SIN screening using the Head and Neck Patient Symptom Checklist (HNSC). Statistical analysis was conducted using R software (4.3.1) for Windows with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 132 individuals participated in the study. Multiple linear regression showed that cancer located in the larynx (p=0.031) was associated with an estimated reduction of 6.67 points in the SIN score compared to oral cavity location. Regarding smoking, former smokers (p=0.019) had an estimated reduction of 5.87 points in the SIN score compared to smokers, and those at nutritional risk (p=0.009) had an estimated increase of 6.15 points in the total SIN score compared to those not at nutritional risk. In nutritional status, it was observed that for every 1-point increase in the SIN interference severity score, there was an estimated reduction of 3.3 kg/m² in BMI and 3.0 cm in calf circumference (CC). Conclusion: Tumor location, smoking, and the presence of nutritional risk influence the quantity and severity of SIN. As the severity score for SIN interference with oral intake increases, there is a reduction in both BMI and CC, suggesting nutritional depletion. Strategies to improve nutritional status and control smoking are important for reducing symptoms and improving the quality of life of these patients.
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    Influência de capsinóides sobre o remodelamento e biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo no coração de ratos com obesidade
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-07-26) Santos, Késsia Cristina Carvalho; Leopoldo, Ana Paula Lima ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Leopoldo, André Soares ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Nunes, Karolini Zuqui; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Camacho, Camila Renata Corrêa; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Obesity increases metabolic complications and induces redox imbalance, favoring oxidative stress in the body. In the cardiovascular system, obesity and oxidative stress reduce metabolic flexibility and cardiac efficiency, as well as causing to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In this scenario, capsinoids, present in species of the genus Capsicum, emerge as compounds with potential modulation of obesity and oxidative stress, being able to increase energy metabolism and antioxidant defenses, as well as reduce oxidative damage. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of chronic administration of capsinoids on biomarkers of remodeling and oxidative stress in the hearts of rats with obesity. Initially, male Wistar rats were randomized into standard diet (SD; n = 17) and high-fat diet (HFD; n = 27). The protocol covered 27 weeks divided into: 1) exposure to experimental diets (induction and maintenance of obesity; 19 weeks) and 2) treatment with capsinoids (8 weeks). At week 19, SD and HDF animals were redistributed into: control (C), obese (Ob) and obese with capsinoids (ObCap). During the protocol, food consumption and efficiency, as well as caloric intake were measured. The nutritional profile was monitored by body weight, fat and body adiposity index. The glucose tolerance test, insulin homeostasis indices and lipid profile were used to evaluate comorbidities. Plasma concentrations of insulin, leptin, adiponectin and glucagon were also determined. Cardiac remodeling was measured by the mass of the heart and left ventricle; cardiac damage was verified by measuring plasma troponin I. The biomarkers of cardiac oxidative stress (malondialdehyde - MDA, carbonyl proteins - CBO, advanced protein oxidation products - AOPP and antioxidant capacity - FRAP) and the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were analyzed. The results indicate that the high-fat diet increased body weight in the HFD group from the 16th week onwards. Obesity increased adipose mass and levels of leptin, cholesterol and insulin. With the exception of cholesterol, treatment with capsinoids did not promote a reduction in these parameters. In the heart, there was an increase in heart and LV mass in the Ob, but without difference after normalization by the tibia length, nor was there any difference with ObCap for these parameters. Regarding troponin I, there was no difference in obesity, however, capsinoids caused a reduction in this marker. Considering oxidative markers, Ob animals presented higher amounts of CBO and AOPP compared to C, however, without effects of capsinoid treatment; ObCap rats also showed higher levels of MDA compared to Ob. Regarding antioxidant activity, Ob and ObCap rats showed increased FRAP, but without differences between groups. In addition, ObCap presented greater activity of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, although the obesity model did not cause cardiac remodeling, capsinoids induced a reduction in troponin I and elevation in enzymatic antioxidant activity. However, it caused greater lipid peroxidation in the heart, so in the concentration offered the capsinoids did not constitute a positive strategy for modulation in the oxidative biomarkers
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    Identificação de alterações bioquímicas no soro de indivíduos submetidos à gastroplastia redutora em Y de Roux por espectroscopia no infravermelho médio
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-06-11) Bortoli, Amanda Motta de; Barauna, Valério Garrone; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-0922; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Haraguchi, Fabiano Kenji; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-8888; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Campos, Luciene Cristina Gastalho; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Rodrigues, Lívia Carla de Melo; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Leal, Leonardo Barbosa; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Nascimento, Márcia Helena Cassago; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is the most indicated treatment for severe obesity, promoting significant biochemical alterations. Fourier transform infrared vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR) has been applied in biological analyses with the potential to detect such changes. This study investigated the use of FTIR for identifying biochemical alterations in the serum of individuals undergoing RYGB. An observational and descriptive study was conducted with patients from the Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Program of a university hospital, before (T0) and approximately two months after RYGB (T1). Biochemical parameters, anthropometric data, and body composition were evaluated. FTIR spectra were recorded using ALPHA II equipment (Bruker, Germany), pre-processed, and subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) (MATLAB 2023b). Data normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, followed by paired T-test or Wilcoxon test. Spearman correlation analysis of spectral information with biochemical parameters was performed. A significance level of p <0.05 was adopted for all tests (GraphPad Prism 8 software). Twenty-nine individuals (86.2% female) with a mean age of 41.2 ± 7.8 years were evaluated. Anthropometric and body composition variables significantly decreased (p <0.001). Serum concentrations of albumin, transthyretin, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol also showed significant reductions (p <0.05). PCA demonstrated a trend of separation at T0 and T1 generated by biochemical alterations. Different significant correlations between biochemical parameters and spectral regions were identified at T0 and T1; however, only serum triglyceride concentration at both time points (p <0.05) correlated significantly with the spectral region characteristic of lipids (1796 - 1685 cm-1 ). The results suggest that FTIR exhibits sensitivity to identify alterations related to the lipid profile of individuals undergoing surgical treatment for severe obesity.