Doutorado em Biologia Animal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17508

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2009
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019). Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=56

Navegar

Submissões Recentes

Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 68
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Biomecânica da locomoção terrestre em Anhanguera e Tupandactylus (Pterosauria, Archosauria)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-07-16) Hörmanseder, Beatriz Marinho; Nunes, Fabiana Rodrigues Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-0143; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8396814023400187; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-8738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8973606745193293; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9206-9915; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2464211948213980; Ghilardi, Aline Marcele; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-0236; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5761534317977568; Silva, Olavo Luppi; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-9937; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2834807238528756; Palacios, Borja Holgado; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-0775; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3807328395535386; Oliveira, Richard Santos Buchmann de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4428-9224; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9978598888603093
    Pterosaurs remain relatively understudied compared to closely related groups such as birds and crocodilians. Until the late 20th century, biomechanical studies on pterosaur terrestrial locomotion were based solely on osteological analyses. The present study assessed the biomechanical advantage of hip musculature and compared possible inferred poses related to terrestrial locomotion in two pterosaur species: Tupandactylus navigans and Anhanguera piscator. This research presents the first musculoskeletal reconstruction of T. navigans, based on a three-dimensional model of its osteological elements, along with a comparative analysis of muscle moment arms (MMAs) to evaluate the biomechanical advantage of reconstructed pelvic girdle muscles in both taxa. The detailed analysis of MMAs in A. piscator and T. navigans revealed ranges of motion compatible with adaptations for both terrestrial locomotion and flight, reflecting locomotor versatility in both species. In T. navigans, a longer stride length, greater muscular input, and the attachment of abductor muscles to a broad puboischiatic plate support previous interpretations suggesting scansorial or arboreal adaptations typical of the Tapejaridae clade, which includes T. navigans. In contrast, A. piscator exhibited a predominance of movement patterns associated with abduction–adduction and morphological structures indicating specializations primarily for flight, consistent with general interpretations of a coastal or pelagic lifestyle. This study represents an initial step toward reconstructing the locomotor function of T. navigans and contributes to our understanding of the biomechanical diversity within Tapejaridae, offering new data to be explored in future research on the locomotion and flight of these pterosaurs.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Genômica populacional de golfinhos-rotadores associada a variáveis ambientais e eficiência de metodologias de sequenciamento de nova geração
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-06-23) Teixeira, Fernanda Lopes; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-1653; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0283101629974718; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-8315; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3581179629499265 ; Silva, Flávio José de Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6521-9367; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1421802360229451 ; Siciliano, Salvatore; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-8070; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2471615656999141; Oliveira, Larissa Rosa de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-3697; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2346014398624345; Cruz, Vanessa Paes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-8701; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1271552780425809
    Although cetaceans are highly mobile and can travel long distances, many biological factors can lead to genetic differentiation within and between groups, such as environmental and social factors. The spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, is considered pantropical and exhibits genetic structure throughout its distribution. This study aims to refine population analyses for the species in the Western South Atlantic Ocean (SWA) using neutral and adaptive genomic data. Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) was used for 25 spinner dolphins, 12 individuals associated with the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and 13 not associated with the Archipelago (Northeast - NE; Southeast - SE; and South - S). Genomic diversity and differentiation were verified based on neutral SNPs and outliers identified from the genotype-environment association and population structure. After filtering, 21,341 SNPs were identified in 15 samples, of which eight individuals were associated with the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FN) and seven were not associated with the Archipelago (three from the SE and four from the NE). The locations analyzed with neutral (20,691) and adaptive (650 outlier SNPs) were separated into three sampling units: FN, NE, and SE. Genomic diversity values ranged from moderate to high for the locations. The outlier SNPs were found to be related to genes associated with biological processes, such as the development and/or function of the nervous system, immune system, among others. The allele frequency of three genes differed between the locations, consistent with changes in sea surface temperature. Previous genetic studies identified two populations in SWA: spinner dolphins associated with the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and those not associated with the Archipelago. This study identified at least three populations: one associated with the Archipelago and two not associated (SE and NE), and this structuring was related to environmental variables such as salinity, ocean currents, and sea surface temperature. Our work contributes to the understanding of how neutral and adaptive processes can shape spinner dolphin populations in the SWA.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Mudanças espaçotemporais dos vetores de perda de habitat em populações do jacaré-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) no Brasil
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-04-29) Dias, Gabriel Gomes; Loss, Ana Carolina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8415444657040950; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8521-6649; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4546773837161392; Chaves, Flávia Guimarães; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0058456568546264; Mascarenhas Júnior, Paulo Braga; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1292-9904; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2036444543288928
    Human activities, such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization, have caused significant changes in land use and land cover, directly impacting biodiversity and species survival. Tropical forests, essential for climate regulation and global biodiversity maintenance, face an increasing threat due to the intensification of these pressures. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat loss for Caiman latirostris populations in Brazil, focusing on the drivers of these changes and their implications for species conservation. Using geoprocessing tools such as Google Earth Engine and MapBiomas, land use patterns between 1985 and 2023 were analyzed for two populations with distinct occurrences. One population, known as the Northeast of the Atlantic Forest (NORMA), spans from the state of Espírito Santo to Sergipe, and the other, known as Fluminense (FLUMI), extends from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina. The results reveal different patterns of pressure on the analyzed populations. The NORMA population experienced a significant loss of 16.42% in "Natural Areas," with agricultural expansion standing out as the primary driver of habitat loss. Additionally, NORMA showed a notable reduction of 8.86% in "Wetlands." In contrast, the FLUMI population exhibited greater stability in its "Natural Areas," with a slight growth of 0.49% and a decrease of 2.33% in "Wetlands." However, both populations face concerning levels of habitat fragmentation, reducing the connectivity of remaining areas, hindering species movement, and compromising gene flow. The study calls for the implementation of new methodological approaches, such as the estimation of Area of Occupancy (AOO) and Extent of Occurrence (EOO), which may contribute to a more detailed assessment of the populations' distribution and vulnerability. The potential of the MapBiomas Água tool is also highlighted, as it enables more accurate analysis of "Wetlands" dynamics and water availability, which are crucial for the conservation of species like C. latirostris that depend on these habitats. The study emphasizes the urgency of public policies and ecological restoration initiatives that consider the specificities of each population
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Quem dita a regra: Allen, Bergmann ou Gloger?
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-12-17) Lemes, Thamila Barcellos; Costa, Leonora Pires; https://orcid.org/000-0003-2625-3172; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2579577549150613; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-4484; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3749935475198255; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-8738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8973606745193293; Ditchfield, Albert David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-1402; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7292063375172411; Dalapicolla, Jeronymo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-9720; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0831988373556961; Carmignotto, Ana Paula; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-4397; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315; Chiquito, Elisandra de Almeida; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-190X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2320482686534355
    Biogeographic rules are generalizations derived from observations of a group of organisms that are widely extendable to various other taxa, with the aim of providing explanations for the patterns observed. Among the main biogeographical rules, we highlight those of Allen, Bergmann and Gloger, which although well established, have weak empirical support. By investigating whether the conditions stipulated by the proposed model are met, we can uncover factors that influence the adaptation of taxa to environments and the evolution of their phenotypic characteristics. In order to assess the suitability of these rules in Neotropical mammals, we used three species: the agile gracile opossum Gracilinanus agilis, the tapeti Sylvilagus minensis and the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous. We checked whether there was a relationship between the size of the appendages, body size and brightness of the fur of these species with wet bulb temperature indices and also with the interaction between temperature and relative humidity. The specimens analyzed came from various Brazilian biological collections, ensuring a latitudinally representative sample from different regions and biomes. The morphological measurements came from the tag data, while to quantify coat color, we used a portable sphere spectrophotometer and measured it in CIELAB color space. Preliminary tests were carried out to check for possible influences of sex and collection time on coat color clarity. We used generalized linear models between morphological and environmental variables to validate the rules, as well as other environmental and geographical factors not described in the rule statements. Only C. thous followed the Bergmann rule, while the Allen and Gloger rules were not supported by any of the taxa. We hope to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying biogeographic rules and their relevance in different ecological contexts, as well as presenting a quantitative methodology for measuring coloration in mammals, allowing for less subjective definitions, necessary for reproducibility and comparative studies
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Extreme climate impacts over benthic assemblages and carbon dynamics on tropical mangrove ecosystems : extreme climate impacts on the dynamics of a tropical mangrove ecosystems
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-28) Gomes, Luiz Eduardo de Oliveira; Bernardino, Angelo Fraga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7955326454008127; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7955326454008127; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-9625; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6177065313321832; Ferreira, Tiago Osório ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-7457; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979209848071504; Nóbrega, Gabriel Nuto ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-4201; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5874908096941660; Netto, Sergio Antonio ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2486-640X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2448717095256037; Barcellos, Roberto Lima ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1304-4603; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1440986556375674
    The period 2014-2016 was extremely dry in Southeast Brazil, being the historical record, since 1950, for many areas in the region. In parallel, in June 2016, 500 hectares of mangroves in the Piraquê Açú-Mirím estuary were impacted by a hailstorm with wind gusts of more than 100 km/h. Such impact is a snapshot of the climate changes events that are impairing the world. In this sense, this thesis evaluated the effects of climate change on the dynamics of tropical mangroves; highlighting the impacts of extreme climate events on mangrove ecosystem and their functions. The first chapter highlights the reduction of litterfall production of the mangrove forest impacted by the extreme climate events to less than 1/3 compared to unimpacted mangroves. The second chapter evidence the mangrove ecosystem carbon loss related to the damages to forest structure associated to the erosion and/or degradation of soil first meter. In addition, by compiling other studies, this chapter updated the mangrove carbon stock potential to 0.52 Petagram of carbon along their 940,000 hectares distributed along the Brazilian coast, over 2-folds of previously estimated. The third chapter proposes an support carbon service to the traditional carbon stock already considered in nature-based solutions such as ecosystems conservation and restoration. By this, we estimated the annual gain of organic carbon on the soil surface by Brazilian mangroves and compared among pristine mangroves, under effluent pollution, deforested, impacted by drought or flood extreme events. The analyses evidence the potential of the applied proposal to climate mitigation in local-regional scales. Finally, the monitoring of the impacted regions are recommended to assess the effects of climate events on biodiversity and carbon stocks degradation, as well as the development of more efficient mitigation actions