Doutorado em Biologia Animal
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2009
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019).
Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=56
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- ItemComposição, distribuição e estrutura das assembleias de peixes nas regiões estuarinas e marinhas costeiras adjacentes impactadas pelo maior desastre ambiental com mineração do Brasil(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-07) Oliveira, Rafael Lima; Condini, Mario Vinicius Lopes ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-7782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112865963464355; Silva, Mauricio Hostim ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-9125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7529427825546114; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-2056; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5215941704013482; Martins, Agnaldo Silva ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2160-1326; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9929035189946817; Moraes, Leonardo Evangelista ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-0618; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8326269321397331; Guedes, Ana Paula Penha ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-7156; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5528695265409635; Tanner, Susanne ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-7002; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0474621874485055The growing need to characterize and quantify biodiversity in its multiple dimensions has highlighted the importance of integrating different approaches in studying the relationships of organisms with environmental fluctuations at different spatial and temporal scales. In this context, the present thesis explored different ecological descriptors of fish assemblages and their relationships with local and spatial environmental variables, considering four estuaries and their adjacent coastal marine areas. As the studied estuarine-coastal systems differ considerably in their geomorphological and hydrographic characteristics, we hypothesized that different environmental factors at different scales would influence the ecological descriptors of fish assemblages. In chapter 1, we evaluated the correlation between species richness and density of fish and physicochemical water variables (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity) using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). The most explanatory models for each response variable (richness and density) included different sets of predictor variables. For species richness, depth and turbidity were included in all the most explanatory models. On the other hand, most environmental variables were retained in the most explanatory models for the response variable density. In chapter 2, we quantified the contribution of sites and species to beta diversity and their relationship with local environmental variables, spatial variables, and fish assemblage metrics. The results indicated that the sites that contributed most to beta diversity variation were the estuarine areas. Variations in site contributions were mainly influenced by salinity, depth, and temperature. In chapter 3, we evaluated the composition and distribution of ecological guilds and their variations across rainy and dry seasons. The general patterns of guild dominance indicated a greater contribution of marine-origin species guilds throughout the systems. Freshwater species guilds contributed more in areas associated with the São Mateus and Doce River estuaries. Throughout the rainy and dry seasons, most of the variability in species abundances was related to losses of individuals, mainly of dominant species. Among the four estuarine-coastal systems evaluated, only Caravelas and Doce River indicated significant seasonal changes, with a dominance of the gain component of individuals in Caravelas and losses of individuals in the Doce River. Finally, in chapter 4, we estimated the length-weight relationship for the species Catathyridium garmani (46 individuals), Pseudauchenipterus affinis (159 individuals), Cathorops arenatus (15 individuals), and Anchoviella brevirostris (83 individuals). All 21 estimates were significant, and new total length values for two species were reported. The results emphasized the influence of local environmental variables on the ecological descriptors of fish assemblages, especially in estuarine areas. On the other hand, the influence of spatial variables also indicates potential sources of environmental variation on broader scales, which can also influence the composition and distribution patterns of the ichthyofauna. Thus, it is important to access estuarine marine gradients at multiple spatial and temporal scales
- ItemExtreme climate impacts over benthic assemblages and carbon dynamics on tropical mangrove ecosystems : extreme climate impacts on the dynamics of a tropical mangrove ecosystems(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-28) Gomes, Luiz Eduardo de Oliveira; Bernardino, Angelo Fraga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7955326454008127; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7955326454008127; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-9625; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6177065313321832; Ferreira, Tiago Osório ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-7457; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979209848071504; Nóbrega, Gabriel Nuto ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-4201; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5874908096941660; Netto, Sergio Antonio ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2486-640X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2448717095256037; Barcellos, Roberto Lima ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1304-4603; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1440986556375674The period 2014-2016 was extremely dry in Southeast Brazil, being the historical record, since 1950, for many areas in the region. In parallel, in June 2016, 500 hectares of mangroves in the Piraquê Açú-Mirím estuary were impacted by a hailstorm with wind gusts of more than 100 km/h. Such impact is a snapshot of the climate changes events that are impairing the world. In this sense, this thesis evaluated the effects of climate change on the dynamics of tropical mangroves; highlighting the impacts of extreme climate events on mangrove ecosystem and their functions. The first chapter highlights the reduction of litterfall production of the mangrove forest impacted by the extreme climate events to less than 1/3 compared to unimpacted mangroves. The second chapter evidence the mangrove ecosystem carbon loss related to the damages to forest structure associated to the erosion and/or degradation of soil first meter. In addition, by compiling other studies, this chapter updated the mangrove carbon stock potential to 0.52 Petagram of carbon along their 940,000 hectares distributed along the Brazilian coast, over 2-folds of previously estimated. The third chapter proposes an support carbon service to the traditional carbon stock already considered in nature-based solutions such as ecosystems conservation and restoration. By this, we estimated the annual gain of organic carbon on the soil surface by Brazilian mangroves and compared among pristine mangroves, under effluent pollution, deforested, impacted by drought or flood extreme events. The analyses evidence the potential of the applied proposal to climate mitigation in local-regional scales. Finally, the monitoring of the impacted regions are recommended to assess the effects of climate events on biodiversity and carbon stocks degradation, as well as the development of more efficient mitigation actions
- ItemUnraveling the Crato Formation's preservation and paleoenvironment through the lens of insect taphonomy(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-05-24) Storari, Arianny Pimentel; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Silva, Taissa Rodrigues Marques da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-1358 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562316044920852; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3645-3015; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3583792424205138; Erthal, Fernando ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8036-192X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0388654535102859; Araújo Júnior, Hermínio Ismael de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-0611; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3215361633678938; Pacheco, Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-2321; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3481327026891705; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/The Crato Formation (Santana Group, Araripe Basin, Brazil) is a well-known Konservat Lagerstätte that preserves a great number of various insect taxa that are exceptionally well preserved both in micro and macro scales. This unit represents a lacustrine paleoenvironment, and therefore, is also important for the study of aquatic insects and their interaction with this past environment. To date, only a few investigations have analyzed the general insect taphonomy of the Crato Formation so far, yet none used actualistic data, which we apply in the third chapter of the thesis. The first part of this thesis consists of a published paper containing the first detailed description of fossilized proventriculi from nine Grylloidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) specimens of the Crato Formation. Based on the morphological and preservational signatures of the specimens, we bring new morphological data to explore the differences among extinct and extant taxa, that gives insight into the evolution and physiological development of Orthoptera, but mostly, about their exceptional preservation in this unit. The second part of this thesis presents a manuscript with the results on preservational modes of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and crickets (Orthoptera) of the Crato Formation. We also present the modes of preservation of mayflies from the Solnhofen limestones (Upper Jurassic, Germany) for comparison. The majority of Crato specimens have several conserved external and internal microfeatures, and are preserved by replacement of the cuticle and of internal organs by iron oxides after pyritization, while the Solnhofen fossils are 11 preserved as impressions. In most Solnhofen fossils, their micron-scale morphology is obliterated by coarse mineral growth of calcite crystals. In general, Solnhofen fossils are complete, fully articulated, but with no submicron-scale replication of both external and internal morphology, and are extremely poorly preserved if compared to the insects of the Crato Formation. Lastly, the third manuscript presented in this thesis brings the results of experiments performed to determine the nature of the taphonomic processes and patterns which caused the state of preservation seen in the larvae of mayflies and dragonflies and adult mayflies preserved in the Crato Formation. Our results with experimentation show indications that carcasses of larval Hexagenitidae suffered little disturbance, typical of an autochthonous assemblage. We also noticed that adult fossil specimens with signs of longer decay time were extremely rare. The fossil dragonflies analyzed are preserved in a characteristic position that indicates minimal transport after death, which we find out after experiments with modern larvae. Data on disarticulation also suggest that the dragonfly gomphid larvae were not transported for long distances. Finally, our experiments have shown that when small insects, such as mayflies, die in sub-aerial conditions, there are few possibilities of overcoming the surface tension and sink. Thus, we believe microbial biofilms on the surface of the water were acting during carcass sinking in the Crato Formation
- ItemInfluência Do Habitat No Impacto Das Espécies Exóticas Sobre A Ictiofauna Nativa Em Um Conjunto De Lagos Do Baixo Rio Doce, Espírito Santo, Sudeste Do Brasil(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-29) Barros, Eduardo Hoffmam de; Soares, Luisa Maria Sarmento; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-1794; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5100696102233268; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-3083; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4347529973289428; Caiola, Nuno Alberto Marinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-2954; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1760221776117583; Hostim-Silva, Mauricio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-9125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7529427825546114; Souza, José Gilmar da Silva ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8794-1828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7000619004807875; Silva, Luiz Fernando Duboc da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-5212; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7017253515050575The Doce River basin is the largest in southeastern Brazil, and over the last century, the Doce River has been undergoing a serious process of degradation, including a major environmental disaster. The Doce River in the coastal lowland harbors an extensive lake area, with over ninety lakes. These lakes are of fluvial origin and connected to each other and to the Doce River by small tributary streams. One of the main sources of impact on the ichthyofauna in the region is the presence of exotic fish species. We compared richness, taxonomic diversity, beta diversity, species composition and proportion of exotic species in lakes and streams, and related these variables to each other and to environmental variables. We used the indicator species index (IndVal) to identify species associated with each type of environment. We used multivariate analyses to test the influence of stream habitat on the fish fauna in streams. The results showed that some exotic species originating from lentic environments have adapted to the lakes and are spread throughout the internal lakes system. In streams, there are proportionally fewer exotic fish and their distribution is more fragmented, as some stretches do not provide the conditions for the establishment of some of these species, making them potential refuges for native ichthyofauna. As the streams move away from the lakes, the proportion of exotic species tends to decrease. In streams, the richness and diversity of native species are affected by the proportion of exotic species, but not in lakes. The native vegetation in the landscape showed not potential for reducing the invasion of exotics. The depth and width of the streams are directly related to the proportion of exotic species within the streams and are structural characteristics that should be considered in strategies for the conservation of the ichthyofauna. This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first presents a survey of species in the Doce River and internal lakes. The second chapter focuses on the central theme of the thesis, which is the evaluation of the influence of habitat on the impact of exotic fish species on native species. The third chapter presents some considerations on fish conservation in the region and how the information generated in this thesis can contribute to this topic.
- ItemClimate Change Impacts On Deep-Sea Benthic Assemblages In The Atlantic Ocean(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-01-03) Gaurisas, Daniela Yepes; Bernardino, Angelo Fraga; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1838-4597; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7955326454008127; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-0834; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5871499512209882; Joyeux , Jean Christophe ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9764759048676848; Domenico, Maikon Di ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-3962; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8571953244068598; Sumida, Paulo Yukio Gomes; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-4541; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6311181934718737The deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on Earth, occupying more than 70% of the planet's surface and supporting almost the highest biodiversity on the planet, with unique diversity hotspots, but still, many of these areas have not even been mapped. Deep-sea marine ecosystems are particularly important in regulating the climate and the cycling of matter and energy on Earth. However, human activities such as fishing, oil and gas exploitation, and mining have intensified in recent decades, impacting deep benthic ecosystems and decreasing the important benefits they provide. Recent data indicates that the Atlantic Ocean is already experiencing significant abiotic changes and will continue to be impacted by global climate changes in the coming decades, expected to be more severe in tropical zones and faster in deeper ocean layers. Given that all these stressors can significantly alter deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, deepening the knowledge of ecological processes in Atlantic deep benthic ecosystems is imperative. In this sense, this thesis has advanced in three main topics 1) clarifying benthic biogeographic patterns on the deep Brazilian margin, Western Atlantic; 2) experimentally assessing the role of the macrofauna in an abyssal ecosystem functioning in the NE Tropical Atlantic; and 3) experimentally evaluating the effects of future climate change stressors on a bathyal macrofaunal community in the NE Tropical Atlantic and elucidating the potential impacts of these stressors on benthic ecosystem functioning. Therefore, the first chapter provides a brief introduction to the theme of the thesis and its subsequent chapters, highlighting the importance of knowing the biodiversity, distribution, and the role of benthic organisms in the cycling of elements and nutrients on the seafloor. The second chapter analyses the composition and distribution of the benthos along the Brazilian deep continental margin and proposes the first biogeographical scheme for the Brazilian deep-sea based on latitudinal and temperature boundaries. The third chapter studies the characterization of a macrofaunal community in the abyssal NE Tropical Atlantic and, for the first time, assesses ecosystem functioning with a focus on the macrofauna role on organic matter cycling. The fourth chapter corresponds to the first ex-situ multi-stressor experiment evaluating the synergistic effects of climate change on a macrofaunal assemblage in the deep Atlantic. This thesis progressively reveals the importance of these approaches for understanding the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems in the Atlantic as a whole, and, therefore, indicates possible responses to climate changes expected for the next century.