Genética e Melhoramento
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento
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URL do programa: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM
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Navegando Genética e Melhoramento por Autor "Bento, Cíntia dos Santos"
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- ItemCaracterização morfoagronômica, bromatológica e molecular de germoplasma de capsicum spp(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-07-31) Brilhante, Bruna Dias Gomes; Bento, Cíntia dos Santos; Moulin, Monique Moreira; Pirovani, Daiani BernadoChilli peppers of the genus Capsicum have economic, nutritional and social significance. The existence of detailed information on the potential of use of the accesses is fundamental for the improvement of plants. In order to begin the development of a breeding program it is necessary to have divergent genetic material, and estimates of genetic diversity are known to better exploit these genetic differences. The objective of this study was to characterize and estimate the genetic diversity among 69 accessions of Capsicum spp. The accessions were collected from Espírito Santo farmers and family agriculture fairs in that state, as well as donations from the UENF (State University of Norte Fluminense). The germplasm collection of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (Ifes ), Alegre Campus. The experimental design was a randomized block with 69 treatments and four replications, totaling 276 plants. We used 39 morphoagronomic descriptors (25 qualitative and 14 quantitative), six chemical descriptors and ten Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) for molecular characterization. The qualitative variables were submitted to descriptive analysis through fashion and the quantitative and bromatological descriptors submitted to variance analysis, Scott-Knott's grouping of means (1974) and relative importance of characteristics by the method of Singh (1981). The distance matrix of the quantitative variables was obtained by the Mahalanobis distance and the qualitative data by means of the hierarchical methods. To obtain the genetic dissimilarity matrix, based on the ISSR loci, the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard Index was used. Subsequently, a joint analysis of the quantitative and qualitative morphoagronomic variables was performed by Gower algorithm, a cluster for bromatological analysis and another for molecular analysis. Variation was observed for most qualitative characters. For the quantitative morphoagronomic characters and bromatological parameters a significant variation of values was also observed. The ISSR markers were efficient to detect the genetic variability between the accesses, being the marker UENF 04 the most polymorphic. Based on the morphoagronomic, bromatological and molecular characterizations, it was possible to verify high phenotypic and genotypic variability, and all the accesses obtained were considered different. No correlation was detected between the geographic distances and the genetic distances, configuring a lack of structuring between the genetic variability and the collection site, which can be explained by the practice of constant exchanges between the rural producers of the region. The IFCA 31 and IFCA 40 accessions were considered promising for a plant breeding program for ornamental purposes because they presented lower plant height and crown diameter. The IFCA 8 and IFCA 28 accessions of the food processing industry, since they have higher values of soluble solids, implying better sensory characteristics (flavor and aroma). The ISSR markers were efficient to access the genetic variability of the pepper accessions, being possible to observe some correspondences with the morphoagronomic and bromatological characterizations.
- ItemObtenção de híbridos de capsicum sp. com potencial ornamental e resistência ao colletotrichum scovillei(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-25) Peterle, Mariana Almeida Dos Santos; Bento, Cíntia dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000000316394166; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4236145191829946; https://orcid.org/0000000257945529; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8005504621519299; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Sudré, Cláudia Pombo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-7205; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4185732042391423; Xavier, André da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522; Oliveira, Fabio Luiz de; https://orcid.org/0000000217116988; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8904451083627425Peppers of the genus Capsicum have shown increasing interest in the ornamental plant market. The growth of its production and sale is related to the diversity of colors of the fruits, flowers and leaves, the compact architecture and the ease of harvesting the fruits. These plants are frequently affected by phytopathogenic diseases, such as anthracnose, caused by fungi of the genus Colletotrichum. Thus, it is necessary to search for cultivars that have ornamental potential and are resistant to anthracnose. This study aimed to carry out Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials for seven Capsicum sp. hybrids, to evaluate their reaction to the fungus C. scovillei for the future registration of at least one of them in the National Cultivars Registry (RNC). The trials were carried out in two periods of the year. In the morphoagronomic characterizations, 47 characters were evaluated, 32 qualitative and 15 quantitative, in 16 different genotypes. The different genotypes were composed by the hybrids, the parents and the commercial checks ‘Espaguetinho Ornamental’ and ‘Pirâmide Ornamental’. Anthracnose resistance tests were carried on unripe and ripe fruits, on the 16 genotypes and on the Ikeda controls, considered susceptible to anthracnose, and UENF 1381, considered resistant. In addition, questionnaires were applied to find out the preference of 50 respondents in relation to the consumption of ornamental peppers. Most genotypes showed an intermediate growth habit and the presence of anthocyanin pigment at the height of the nodes. Stem color varied between green and green with purple stripes. The leaves of the plants showed a lanceolate shape for most genotypes. Most plants had one flower per axil, and the corolla color was white, white with a violet margin, violet with a white base, or violet. The genotypes UFES 15, UFES 23, 15x89, 23x40, 89x15 and the control ‘Pirâmide Ornamental’ were more closely related to the quantitative traits related to plant productivity, and showed less susceptibility to the fungus C. scovillei. Parents UFES 29, UFES 56, UFES 87, UFES 89 and hybrids 23x56, 29x40 and 87x40 showed a greater relationship with the characteristics crown diameter, stem diameter, plant height and stem length. All parents and hybrids were precocious in relation to ornamental controls, with less days for flowering and fruiting after transplanting. The hybrids 89x15 and 15x89 were chosen as preferred by the interviewed public. Parents UFES 15, UFES 23 and hybrids 15x89, 23x40, 23x56 and 89x15 present a greater number of characteristics required for the ornamental pepper market. These genotypes also demonstrated greater resistence to anthracnose. The 15x89, 23x40 and 89x15 hybrids are good candidates for RNC registration, and the UFES 15 and UFES 23 parents can be explored in future studies.
- ItemResistência à antracnose em frutos de goiabeira e relação com atributos físico-químicos da fruta.(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-24) Pena, Abigail Taisi Coelho; Moraes, Willian Bucker; Santos, Lidiane Gomes dos; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Ferreira, Adésio; Bento, Cíntia dos SantosThe objective of this work was to evaluate guava genotypes for resistance to anthracnose in postharvest fruits; to determine the firmness (N) and coloration of the fruits in order to make inference about the stage of maturation and the relation with anthracnose; and to perform analyzes of pectin, protein, flavonoids, total sugars, reducing sugars, lipids and crude fiber to determine the relationship between these attributes and anthracnose. It was used the genotypes Cortibel I, II, III, IV, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XIII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, Paluma, Pedro Sato, Século XXI, Roxa and Sassaoka to evaluate resistance to anthracnose. The fruits were harvest in the experimental orchard, formed by plants from vegetative propagation, with four years of age, located in the Community of Palmeiras, in the Municipality of Mimoso do Sul - ES. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The growth of lesions (centimeters) was evaluated every two days for ten days. The classification of genotypes for anthracnose resistance was performed by incidence (%) and severity (%). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the values compared by Dunnett's means clustering test. The incidence of anthracnose was 100%, the disease was severe for four genotypes and very severe for eighteen genotypes. For the evaluation of the firmness and the color of the fruit peel, thirty-three fruits of the genotypes Cortibel I, II, VI, VII, IX, XI, XIII, XIV, XVII, Roxa and Pedro Sato were used, being three measurements per fruit. Evaluations occurred on the day of fruit harvested and after ten days of storage at 25 ° C. The firmness measurement and the evaluation of the color of the fruit peel were carried out. The data collected were submitted to analysis of variance and mean test. There was an intense reduction of the firmness of the fruits and the genotypes influenced the different results. The fruits were collected in maturation stages II, with the coloration of the lightgreen bark and III, with the color of the yellow-green bark; there was loss of the green coloration of the bark and it was concluded that the color index can be used to determine the maturation stage of the genotypes under study. In the analysis of chemical attributes, the genotypes Cortibel II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XIII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, Pedro Sato and Roxa were used. The data of chemical attribute and firmness contents were used in dispersion diagrams with AUDPC. The dispersion diagrams between the physical-chemical attributes and the AUDPC resulted in no relationship between the variables. The values obtained were very low, positive for the relationship between severity and total sugars, reducing sugars, crude fiber and fruit firmness, and negatives between pectin, protein, flavonoid and lipid contents and severity