Teses de doutorado

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/12247

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Navegando Teses de doutorado por Autor "Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira"

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    Euterpe edulis: seleção genômica ampla e sistema de produção de frutos
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-02-15) Canal, Guilherme Bravim; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; https://orcid.org/0000000226911270; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-6634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; Nascimento, Moyses; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-9540; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6544887498494945; Zanotti, Rafael Fonseca; Azevedo, Camila Ferreira; Teixeira, Filipe Ribeiro Formiga
    Euterpe edulis, popularly known as juçaizeiro, has stood out as a species with economic potential for fruit production in the açai sector. Since 2000, the juçaizeiro agricultural sector has shown strong growth in cultivation area, been Euterpe oleracea (açaizeiro) the main representative of the cultivation, which economic relevance was recognized in 2008. The fruits of the açaizeiro look like those of other species in its genus, including the juçaizeiro, whose processing has been well accepted by pulp industries and the consumer market. The proximity between the processed products of these two species is a potential factor for the success of the juçaizeiro as a cultivation, considering the consolidated market of the açaí fruit. However, factors such as the species’s ability to sustain the production chain, high quality of the processed pulp fruit, and potential for cultivation in agro-climatic zones where the açaí tree has no aptitude, may make juçaizeiro cultivation surpass that of the açaizeiro. However, genetic improvement is essential for juçaizeiro to gain greater acceptance among producers, as it allows for the development of superior genetic materials, making the culture more attractive and reliable. Once the species is perennial and found in the wild, common breeding techniques such as phenotypic selections may not provide satisfactory results in the required period. Therefore, this study proposes the use of innovative techniques to optimize the breeding program, combining phenotypic and genotypic information from high-density genome coverage using SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) molecular markers to select the best genotypes with greater accuracy through genomic selection. Data files were constructed from the genotypes present in the breeding population in Rio Novo do Sul City, Espírito Santo, Brazil, which phenotypic evaluations were conducted from 2018 up to 2022. The novel methodologies and techniques used in this study for genetic improvement of juçaizeiro include genomic prediction, multi-trait models, models with additive and non-additive effects, models that combine genomic and pedigree information, as well as proposals for selective techniques focused on effective population size and plantations that reduce the chance of related crosses. The results obtained indicate that genomic selection can be successfully used to improve the characteristics of interest. This technique allowed for the selection of superior genotypes with phenotypic expressions that exceed 2.5 times the productive average of fruits in the general population, clarify the genetic control architecture of agronomic traits of interest in greater detail, as well as proposing a method that preserves the genetic variability of the population. In addition to the results mentioned above, this study provides recommendations and information in the form of a didactic manual to assist in the implementation of juçaizeiro orchards, with the objective of making the cultivation techniques of the culture more widespread, enriching the knowledge of agricultural technicians and producers to facilitate and promote interest in the implementation of new commercial orchards of the species.
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    Population genomics and plhylogeography of Euterpe edulis
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-17) Almeida, Francine Alves Nogueira de; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-6634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445; https://orcid.org/0000000216339477; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0529299362045471; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; Costa, Andrea Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4757007266777881; Zucchi, Maria Imaculada; Vieira, Lucas Donizetti; Bacon, Christine Dorothy
    The Atlantic Forest is one of the five priority global biodiversity hotspots for conservation. Along its distribution, the vegetation presents different characteristics due to biogeographic variation. The palm Euterpe edulis Mart., popularly known as Juçara, is a key species in this biome, with an important ecological role. It is a highly valued food source and is used for a variety of purposes, including the production of juice, jelly, and cosmetics. Knowledge about the diversity and genetic structure are important for the management and conservation of this species and explain the diversity pattern in Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Therefore, this work intends to understand the evolutionary and historical processes that led to genetic diversity and the genetic pattern of current distribution of species in this biome. For this purpose, three types of molecular markers (SNP, Silico-DarT and SSR) were evaluated to estimate the diversity and genetic structure of E. edulis populations collected along the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Making it possible to choose the marker that would best answer our questions. Then, species distribution models over the last 130,000 years were used to correlate seven biogeographical variables, related to temperature and precipitation, with genetic differentiation between populations and species distribution. Thus, it was possible to test whether there is influence of adaptive selection, geographical distance, and climatic stability on the genetic pattern of Euterpe edulis populations. Our results suggest that SNP and Silico- DArT markers are effective for assessing population structure, but SSR are better able to detect diversity between samples. We show that in addition to genetic drift, natural selection is also acting on the population structure of E. edulis. Additionally, several SNPs with selection signals were observed in genes associated with constitutive and adaptive traits. Ecological niche models show a decline in areas suitable for E. edulis over the last 130,000 years and that the current pattern of genetic diversity of E. edulis is a result of geographic distance between populations and little related to resistance isolation. In conclusion, this study is very relevant for E. edulis conservation programs and evolutionary studies of other species that occur in the Atlantic Forest.