Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17476

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE/CES Parecer nº 250/2014, portaria nº 187 de 06/03/2015, publicado no DOU de 09/03/2015 seção 1, página 11
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento
Url do curso: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM/detalhes-do-curso?id=1415

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Aspectos Computacionais da Estimação e Predição em Modelos Lineares Mistos para Seleção de Híbridos de Milho em Ensaios Premilinares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-30) Marçal, Tiago de Souza; Pastina, Maria Marta; Guimarães, Lauro José Moreira; Ferreira, Adésio; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz; Souza, Tércio da Silva de
Maize (Zea mays L.), is a specie from the Poaceae family, diploid and allogamous. In this culture, there is an increase with the accumulation of heterozygous loci, thus justifying hybrids productions. Due to drastic predictions of climate change and population growth in the coming years, it is necessary to adopt, develop and enhance methods that allow a greater efficiency in the selection and achieve greater genetic progress in crop improvement programs of agriculture importance that can help mitigation of challenges to sustain the food security of this century. Therefore, the objective of this study was to implement the algorithms of first and second derivatives for the REML (restricted maximum likelihood) method in R, generalizable for different mixed linear models and enable incorporate arrays of relationship. Moreover, to evaluate the impact of mathematical simplifications, sparse matrices and different convergence error rates in computational efficiency of these algorithms aiming to minimize the computational cost to enable REML in studies with a great number of maize hybrids and complex models, in computers with simple setup. The experimental data used in this study was obtained from harvest 2013/14 conducted in a randomized block design with five controls and 3352 simple maize hybrids in Embrapa (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) Maize and Sorghum in the city of Sete Lagoas- MG. The analyzed variable was grain yield, which is subjected to analysis using mixed models with and without pedigree of incorporation using different REML algorithms, in R. Computation response evaluated the convergence criteria, error rates convergence, sparse matrices, computers with different processing capabilities, different initial estimates of variance components and increasing number of EM (Expectation Maximization) steps in combined algorithms. The proposed algorithms were equivalent for the tested software (ASReml, Selegen and Ime4) and the estimates of variance components indicating their coherence. Furthermore, the use of sparse matrices in association with the proposed optimizations, reduced the computational cost of the algorithms using coefficients of determination as a convergence criteria and convergence error rate equal to 10-5. The hybrid combination of EM algorithm, in ten steps, with NR (Newton Raphson) reduced the computational cost and increased the average convergence percentage. Although, it was observed that uniform weights for the initial estimates of the variance components should be avoided.
Avaliação da água do Rio Itapemirim/ES : aspectos abióticos e toxicogenéticos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-29) Galter, Iasmini Nicoli; David, José Augusto de Oliveira; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Sousa, Tatiana da Silva; Paes, Marcela Ferreira
Itapemirim river is considered one of the most important water resources of the Espírito Santo. Considering the ecological and socio-economic importance of this water resource, the concern about water quality is crucial, which makes necessary water assessment with approaches that integrate abiotic aspects to toxicogenetics assays. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of Itapemirim river, through analysis of abiotic and toxicogenetics aspects, using as a test organism A. cepa, O. niloticus, and mammalian cell culture. Therefore, we defined four sampling stations along the Itapemirim river, to collect water samples during two periods: high precipitation and dry spell. From the samples were evaluated conductivity (S / cm) water temperature (° C), dissolved oxygen (mg / L) and pH, as well as quantified metals concentration. For Allium cepa assay were performed root growth test and cytogenetic analysis. Micronucleus test and comet assay were made with O. niloticus specimens. MTT test and comet assay were performed with CHO-K1 cells. Most abiotic variables evaluated showed waters from two campaigns are according to CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, as well as most metals. However, Al and Cu levels were above in the water regarding the legislation. Based on the results, it was verified that the compounds present in the waters of these river have the phytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential for the two in vivo and in vitro test organisms. The most significant results were obtained from the RI 03 sample, probably because it is related to the fact that the station is near to urban area of Cachoeiro Itapemirim / ES. It was also noted that the two campaigns conducted showed negative effect on bioassays performed. The data in this study indicate that water quality of Itapemirim river is committed and alert to the risk that domestic and industrial wastewater discharges have on water bodies, especially because of the complex chemical constitution presented.
Caracterização bromatológica da polpa desidratada de frutos de Euterpe edulis Mart. e seleção de genótipos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-13) Dias, Natália Caroliny da Silva; Souza, Tércio da Silva de; Ferreira, Adésio; Menini, Luciano; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva
The species Euterpe edulis Martius is characterized by producing a high quantity of fruits that serve as food for birds and mammals during long periods of scarce resources. However, it's estimated that losses are occurring in the diversity of the species due to the forest fragmentation and the intense extractivism of the palm heart produced from the colonization of the country until the present day. Currently, the species is on the list of endangered species. The objective of this work was to chemically characterize the dehydrated pulp of the fruits of 60 E. edulis accessions collected in the southern region of Espírito Santo; evaluate the genetic variability and select genotypes based on chemical characters related to the commercialization of the fruits in order to apply them to the breeding program of the species. Fruits were collected from 60 accessions and analyzed for the following characteristics: moisture, biomass, yield, total acidity (ATT), total soluble solids (TSS), fiber (FIB), lipids (LIP), pH, mineral content (CM), total phenolic compounds (FNT), total anthocyanins (ANT), total flavonols (FLV); protein (PROT); total soluble sugars (AT) and soluble reducing sugars (AR). The Scott-Knott grouping test was performed at 5% probability. For the analysis of the genetic variability between and among the accessions was used.the method of grouping between groups (UPGMA) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The selection index was based on mixed models (REM/BLUP) and the mean rank of Mulamba and Mock. The E.edulis plant materials from southern Espírito Santo showed considerable variation in chemical contents with divergent access within the same locality. The UPGMA group structured the 60 accesses into four groups by the significance obtained by the Mojena method (1977). The genetic distance between the accessions of groups I and II was low indicating high similarity between them. The groups III and IV showed only one access, which diverged from all others. AMOVA was not significant. The accesses that obtained the best predicted gains according to the selection indices were IB3P4, IB3P9, IB3P5, IB3P6 and IB3P1, being able to occupy position of base individuals for crossing in the breeding program of the species.
Caracterização dos constituintes voláteis de espécies do gênero de Sparattanthelium Mart. (Hernandiaceae) e avaliação de fitotoxicidade e citotoxicidade em plantas modelo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-27) Dutra, Quezia Pains; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Pinheiro, Patrícia Fontes; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares
Brazil has been prominent in the production of agrochemicals; however, its use in agriculture has related to the environment and other organisms. The plants are reservoirs of secondary metabolites and may present allelopathic effect, being interesting to be used as bioherbicides. These metabolites can be found in essential oils in basal angiosperms. They have been found to be economically useful, such as groups are used for medicinal purposes and have shown antiproliferative activity in cancerous and antimicrobial cells. However, some species have unknown allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential, such as the genus Sparattanthelium, exclusively neotropical. Few species of this genus have been chemically characterized and the biological potential of the compounds is not known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the essential oils extracted from the leaves of Sparattanthelium botocudorum and Sparattanthelium tupiquinorum in bioassays with the species Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The oils were tested at concentrations of 3000, 1500, 750, 375 and 187.5 ppm. The chemical characterization was performed and the percentage of germinated seeds, the initial development of Lactuca sativa L. and Sorghum bicolor L. seedlings and the changes in the meristematic cycle of L. sativa roots. The major compound of both species was germacrene D (33.2 and 44.8%), followed by bicyclogermacrene (23.4 and 16.9%), ß-element (8.4 and 5.1%), germacrene A (17.7 and 8.7%). Tras-nerolidol (7.7%) was found only in S. botocudorum and ?-Cadinene (15%) in S. tupiquinorum. The phytotoxic assay revealed that the essential oil of both species reduced the root and aerial growth of L. sativa seeds. In S. bicolor it reduced germination and aerial growth. In the cytotoxic assay, the mitotic index and the increase of chromosomal and nuclear alterations resulting from the aneugenic and clastogenic action of the essential oils of S. botocudorum and S. tupiquinorum were observed.
Caracterização molecular de Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan. em fragmentos de floresta atlântica para a seleção de matrizes
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-09-28) Silva, Karla Daniele Araújo da; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos
Caracterização molecular, morfofisiológica e fitoquímica de Varronia curassavica do Sul do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-24) Grancieri, Natália; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Passos, Julianana de Lanna
The use of plants for medicinal purposes is one of the oldest forms of medical practice of mankind. In Brazil, the consumption of plants for medicinal purposes and in herbal medicines is increasing in all social classes and has received various incentives. To optimize the use of medicinal plants become important studies on genetic variability, as it has done the genetic and breeding programs trying to select superior genotypes. This requires performing their characterization using descriptors such as agronomic, morphological, biochemical and molecular. One of the concerns is the uniform production of secondary metabolites and understand the factors that can influence it. Among the various species of medicinal plants known in Brazil, is the curassavica Varronia, which despite its pharmacological and economic potential, yet little is known about their genetic diversity of natural populations. Thus, this study aimed to characterize genotypes of different native peoples of southern Espirito Santo, with variations of altitude, and thus compare them with pre-improved materials purchased from the State University of Campinas (Unicamp). Were collected from each plant, branches to be held vegetative propagation. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and then conducted molecular analyzes, physiological, morphological and physiological and phytochemical. It was found that in this experiment was low experimental precision. According to an estimated variation index (VI), there are variables that can be used to genotype selection. The heritability of most variables were medium to high. In clusters the variables of greater relative contribution were: AFT, SLA, LAI, FLA, CLT, CAB, A, gs, A / gs. A new grouping based on nine variables of relative contribution and so were formed three groups, the AFT being, AFE and the FLA that had the greatest contribution to the genetic divergence was conducted. When compared this group to the grouping performed by molecular markers, there was no identical or similar groups. In clusters, the genotypes are not grouped based on local collections of close or similar altitudes.
Caracterização morfoagronômica e molecular de feijão comum
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-31) Alves, Ludimila Pimenta; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Moulin, Monique Moreira; Zago, Hugo Bolsoni
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important legume for the world population to be supplier of protein. The modernization of agriculture has caused the loss of genetic diversity bean. The activities of collection and characterization of germplasm possible to know regional genotypes and contribute to minimize the loss of genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to characterize 20 bean genotypes of germplasm bank of the Plant Production Department of School of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, through morphological markers, living with spiderwort and molecular markers. They used commercial genotypes 5 and 15 regional acquired from family farmers in the Alegre county, Espírito Santo, Caparaó Capixaba region. Morphoagronomic analyzes were performed, analysis of coexistence with the weed Commelina diffusa and molecular analysis using 9 ISSR primers. The results showed that there was complete agreement between the groupings made by the qualitative and molecular characters. There is a significant genetic diversity in the sample bean genotypes from the Alegre county, Espirito Santo, Capixaba Caparaó region (regional), but between commercial genotypes, diversity is relatively narrow. Commercial cultivars showed little dissimilarity between themselves. The spiderwort can influence the development of the bean, and the cultivars may exhibit different behavior in relation to coexistence. The morphoagronomic and molecular characterization were effective in differentiating the genotypes and both accessions were considered distinct
Caracterização morfoagronômica, bromatológica e molecular de germoplasma de capsicum spp
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-07-31) Brilhante, Bruna Dias Gomes; Bento, Cíntia dos Santos; Moulin, Monique Moreira; Pirovani, Daiani Bernado
Chilli peppers of the genus Capsicum have economic, nutritional and social significance. The existence of detailed information on the potential of use of the accesses is fundamental for the improvement of plants. In order to begin the development of a breeding program it is necessary to have divergent genetic material, and estimates of genetic diversity are known to better exploit these genetic differences. The objective of this study was to characterize and estimate the genetic diversity among 69 accessions of Capsicum spp. The accessions were collected from Espírito Santo farmers and family agriculture fairs in that state, as well as donations from the UENF (State University of Norte Fluminense). The germplasm collection of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (Ifes ), Alegre Campus. The experimental design was a randomized block with 69 treatments and four replications, totaling 276 plants. We used 39 morphoagronomic descriptors (25 qualitative and 14 quantitative), six chemical descriptors and ten Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) for molecular characterization. The qualitative variables were submitted to descriptive analysis through fashion and the quantitative and bromatological descriptors submitted to variance analysis, Scott-Knott's grouping of means (1974) and relative importance of characteristics by the method of Singh (1981). The distance matrix of the quantitative variables was obtained by the Mahalanobis distance and the qualitative data by means of the hierarchical methods. To obtain the genetic dissimilarity matrix, based on the ISSR loci, the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard Index was used. Subsequently, a joint analysis of the quantitative and qualitative morphoagronomic variables was performed by Gower algorithm, a cluster for bromatological analysis and another for molecular analysis. Variation was observed for most qualitative characters. For the quantitative morphoagronomic characters and bromatological parameters a significant variation of values was also observed. The ISSR markers were efficient to detect the genetic variability between the accesses, being the marker UENF 04 the most polymorphic. Based on the morphoagronomic, bromatological and molecular characterizations, it was possible to verify high phenotypic and genotypic variability, and all the accesses obtained were considered different. No correlation was detected between the geographic distances and the genetic distances, configuring a lack of structuring between the genetic variability and the collection site, which can be explained by the practice of constant exchanges between the rural producers of the region. The IFCA 31 and IFCA 40 accessions were considered promising for a plant breeding program for ornamental purposes because they presented lower plant height and crown diameter. The IFCA 8 and IFCA 28 accessions of the food processing industry, since they have higher values of soluble solids, implying better sensory characteristics (flavor and aroma). The ISSR markers were efficient to access the genetic variability of the pepper accessions, being possible to observe some correspondences with the morphoagronomic and bromatological characterizations.
Caracterização morfofisiológica de populações de conilon provenientes de progenitores contrastantes para tolerância à seca
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-07-12) Silva, Francisco Davi da; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos; Sobreira, Franciele Barros de Souza; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar
The objective of this study was to study two populations from crosses of Coffea canephora var. Conilon (76-tolerant x 4-susceptible and 76x48-foldable) in relation to drought tolerance, by examining variations in a set of morphological, photosynthetic and compound concentrations in leaf tissues when subjected to drought in order to identify superior genotypes and select the most discriminatory variables for drought tolerance. The experiment was conducted without irrigation, at the Incaper Experimental Farm, in Marilândia - ES. The evaluations occurred in July / 2015, December / 2015 and April / 2016, the latter being the most critical drought period. Clone 76 showed superiority among the progenitor clones, and the population (pop.) 76x04 had better morphophysiological characteristics, compared to pop. 76x48, with a higher concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, less reduction in total leaf area, photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transport rate of electrons (ETS). It also showed lower efficiency of water use (A/gs), which indicates greater effective water use. There was great variability between and within populations. The grouping analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), where 14 groups were found in July / 2015 and April / 2016 and 16 groups in December / 2015 for pop. 76x48, and seven groups in July and December / 2015, and six groups in April 2016 for pop. 76x04. By comparing the means of the groups obtained, we identified groups 9 and 10 of pop. 76x48, and groups 2 and 5 of pop. 76x04 as superior for drought tolerance. The specific leaf area (AFE), trait length (EC), ETR, A, gs and A / gs were the most important variables to discriminate individuals / groups regarding performance under water stress conditions.
Comparação de Modelos Genético-estatisticos para Seleção de Híbridos de Milho em Ensaios Preliminares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-30) Guilhen, José Henrique Soler; Guimarães, Lauro José Moreira; Pastina, Maria Marta; Ferreira, Adésio; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz; Souza, Tércio da Silva de
Comportamento diferencial dos níveis de metilação global da citosina entre genótipos de goiabeiras em um ciclo de produção
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-09-28) Alves, Luziane Brandão; Passos, Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Arêdes, Fernanda de Abreu Santana; Clarindo, Wellington Ronildo
The chromatin structure allows the gene content to be accessed according to its compaction degree. Modifications in chromatin condensation can be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms in eukaryotic organisms. Epigenetics is understood by changes in chromatin without altering the base sequence of the genetic material, resulting in modifications in gene expression, besides has strong environmental influence. There are different epigenetic mechanisms reported for others studies of which, DNA methylation consisting of the methyl group addition in the fifth carbon of the cytosine base, forming 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) has shown a notoriety in studies due to a higher amount of cytosines at the promoter regions of the genes. The overall methylation profile of cytosine may reveal epigenetic influence at different stages of development or of genotypes through the responses presented by organisms or some experienced factor. In this study, the guava - Psidium guajava L., a fruit from Myrtaceae family with nutritional, economic importance and of broad edaphoclimatic adaptation was studied. Plant development results in changes in organism responses throughout the life cycle and may be associated with epigenetic mechanisms. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the 5-mC profile in adult guava trees at different stages of vegetative and reproductive development during a production cycle. Additionally, we studied the differential response of genotypes in relation to the 5-mC global profile, as well as its variation in different organs of the plant. The 5-mC percentage in 22 guava genotypes was quantified during five phases of the culture development by HighEfficiency Liquid Chromatography and later carried out studies in the differential organs through the genome global analysis. In the general averages analysis after quantification, there was no significant difference in the overall 5-mC profile between developmental phases. However, for vegetative stages (Post-pruning and Postharvesting) was observed values with more variation in the percentage of 5-mC when it was compared with the reproductive phases (flowering, fruiting and harvesting) that presented more homogeneous values. Among the genotypes, was observed a variation of the general mean in the 5-mC content ranging from 16.34% to 26.19%, especially the Sassaoka genotype, which presented the highest percentage of 5-mC during the developmental stages, with the exception of the post-harvest period. It was possible to notice that ten guava genotypes interacted with the development phases analyzed. Considering the plant organs, no significant differences were found between them. The analysis of the global methylation profile in guava allowed to understand and detect epigenetic changes in DNA sequence due to different stages of development, as well as genotype-dependent variation, highlighting the importance of these mechanisms in guava phenotype, more pronounced in the vegetative phase
Copia LTR-retrotransposon superfamily occurrence and distribution and its role in the nuclear and chromosomal DNA content variations in two Passiflora species
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-07-27) Vieira, Ariane Tonetto; Mendonça, Maria Andreia Corrêa; Soares, Fernanda Aparecida Ferrari; Clarindo, Wellington Ronildo; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Mendonça, Maria Andréia Corrêa; Carvalho, Guilherme Mendes de Almeida
Similar to other Passiflora species, nuclear DNA content variation occurs between Passiflora edulis and Passiflora quadrangularis, which show the same 2n chromosome number. For some species, this variation accumulates distinctly in the chromosomes, with retrotransposable elements being considered one of the causes for this observed variation. LTR-retrotransposons (LTR-RT) constitute a substantial portion of the genomes, playing an important role in karyotype evolution. This study aims to investigate the occurrence and distribution of the Copia LTR-RT superfamily in P. edulis and P. quadrangularis chromosomes, and to understand the role of these sequences in nuclear and chromosomal DNA content variations. The karyotypes showed the same chromosome number, predominance of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, as well as 18S rDNA in the terminal portion of the short and long arms of two chromosomes, corroborating the monophyletic origin of the species. The role of LTR-RT in karyotype evolution was evidenced by differences in nuclear and chromosomal DNA content between the species as well as differently and randomly distributed retroelements between all chromosomes. Unambiguous identification of each chromosome by morphometry, 18S rDNA, DNA content and LTRRT allowed us to show that there is no relation between the total length and DNA content for some chromosomes. This phenomenon occurred in P. edulis chromosomes 2 and 6 in relation to chromosomes 1 and 5, respectively, and in P. quadrangularis chromosome 8 compared to 7. Using refined cytogenetic approaches, we analyzed each chromosome of P. edulis and P. quadrangularis individually, finding that karyotype changes were promoted by LTR retrotransposons.
Crescimento de mudas Coffea arabica L. em substrato com lodo de esgoto e avaliação de sua toxidade
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-30) Gouvêa, Glaucia de Mello Cunha; Cunha, Glaucio de Mello; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Freitas, Allan Rocha de
The treatment of domestic sewage has caused the production of large quantities of solid waste, sewage sludge, being an environmental problem. Being source of essential nutrients for the development of agronomic interest plants is undoubtedly one of the best alternatives for final disposal. However, recycling of sewage sludge is safely occur to people and the environment since the waste can contain organic and inorganic compounds, such as toxic heavy metals, and pathogens. The objective of this study to analyze the growth of Coffea arabica L. seedlings in the substrate compound sewage sludge sanitized and the potential cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic sludge through genetic toxicity bioassay Allium cepa. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. The substrates used were: soil (Horizon B ultisol) in 85% proportions for the treatment T1 plus 15% of cattle manure, 85% for T2 treatment with addition of 15% sanitized sewage sludge, 70% for treatment T3 plus 30% of sanitized sewage sludge, 55% for T4 treatment plus 45% of sanitized sewage sludge and 40% for T5 treatment plus 60% of sanitized sewage sludge, comprising five treatments with six replications. Growth variables were measured after the period of seedlings formation and subsequently the substrates. Toxicity analyzes were performed in root meristem cells of Allium cepa, with 5.000 cells were analyzed by direct contact treatment and solubilized samples and controls. All variables were negatively affected from the sewage sludge increment sanitized. The treatments with sewage sludge by direct contact showed cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effect. Treatments with solubilized sewage sludge showed genotoxic effect. The use of sewage sludge sanitized substrates for the formation of coffee seedlings was not efficient for reasons of toxicity, not favoring their growth
Crescimento e fotossíntese de clones de Coffea canephora em resposta à manipulação da relação fonte: dreno e disponibilidade de radiação
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-31) Viana, Flávia Nicácio; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Tomaz, Marcelo Antônio; Dalvi, Leandro Pin
Brazil is now the world's largest coffee producer, and 20% of which corresponds to Coffea canephora species. However, knowledge of the physiological aspects of the species are still incipient. The purpose of this was working to evaluate the effect of manipulating the source relationship: drain on growth and photosynthesis of C. canephora clones grown in contrasting conditions of radiation availability. The experiment was conducted in a plantation located in Alegre-ES. We evaluated two clones (6V and 12V) belonging to the variety 'Victoria Incaper 8142'. Ten plants of each clone were selected, five remained under conditions of full sun and five were shaded with approximately 47%. Settling the following source relations: Drain the branches: with fruit / with girdling; with fruit / without annealing; unfruitful / with girdling and unfruitful / without annealing. Thus, we evaluated the growth of reproductive branches, the photosynthetic performance (gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence) and leaf concentration of soluble total sugar, starch, soluble total phenol and chlorophyll and carotenoid. The factors studied showed independent responses. Clones showed different responses to radiation levels studied. The growth of branches was not affected by manipulating the supply relationship: drain. The clone 6V showed higher growth in the shade, while the clone 12v showed superior growth to full sun. Biomass partitions were significant to the source relationship: drain, without the fruitless branches had higher rates in the RAF and FMFo, translating into more enfolhados branches. For photosynthesis in clone 12v the value was kept constant and the stomatal conductance and transpiration showed lower values to full sun, resulting in greater efficiency of water use and easier to dissipate heat. The soluble sugar and starch fractions showed no significant difference to source relationship: drain or to radiation availability, these rates are affected in the short term only. For chlorophyll a / b ratio, the clone 12v showed higher values in full sun, resulting in improved heat dissipation efficiency.
Crescimento e variações diurnas da fotossíntese de genótipos de Coffea canephora cultivados à campo sob condições contrastantes de disponibilidade de luz
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-30) Souza, Dinorah Moraes de; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Carias, Cíntia Machado de Oliveira Moulin
Coffee is a tropical perennial crop of extreme importance for global agribusiness. It is usually grown in regions potentially subject to stress especially thermal, water and nutritional. During the crop cycle, limiting conditions are accentuated during the reproductive growth period, leading to significant decline of crop yields, and leading to significant decline of crop yield. Shading Systems (Trees), while providing sensitive changes in microclimate, it can minimize the adverse climate effects on crops. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and diurnal variations of genotypes photosynthesis of coffea canephora cultivated in field under contrasting conditions of light availability. The study was conducted in field conditions in the municipality of Alegre-ES. The experiment was set up by combining four clones of coffea canephora (02, 48, 83 and 153) of the array clonal “Conilon Vitória- Incaper 8142” with two levels of light availability [0% (full sunlight) and 30% of shade], totaling eight treatments, with five replicates. Growth evaluation were held in plagiotropic branches from the middle third of plants, selected in the flowering stage and evaluated until the ripening of the fruits. Diurnal variation of the parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were carried out in three periods throughout the day: 09, 12 and 15h during the filling phase. Clone 02 presented superior performance under full sun conditions, with photosynthetic rate higher than average, normally described for the species (approximately 16 ?mol m-2 s-1). Clone 48 had a better performance under shade because it maintained higher photosynthetic rates throughout the day. This allowed the balance between the photoassimilates investment, necessary to meet the demand of vegetative growth and management of fruit growth, consequently, presenting lower abortion rates and higher numbers of fruits per rosettes.
Cultivares de feijoeiro : efeito do solo, adubação foliar e competição com trapoeraba
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-27) Gomes, Lidiane dos Santos; Ferreira, Adésio; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Oliveira, Fábio Luiz de
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the food consumed in Brazil, rich in vitamins, carbohydrates and minerals. A growing body of research that integrate from plant breeding and the management of fertilizer to increase nutrients in the edible parts, developing plants with higher levels of vitamins and micronutrients. The introduction of biofortified foods such as beans, complements human nutrition that suffers from malnutrition. Therefore, it is important to know how growing conditions influence the grain quality and the importance to obtain a food with higher nutritional value. Besides knowing how far the influence of weed affects the production and absorption of nutrients from the bean. The objective of this study was to analyze the agronomic and nutritional characteristics influenced by the interference of weed, effect of fertilization and soil in bean cultivars. Chlorophyll content, leaf number was assessed, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, harvest index per plant, dry matter of spiderwort, relationship grain and locus, average seed weight and iron and zinc in the leaves and analysis grains. The results of the study showed that competition with spiderwort affected some agronomic characteristics, due to competition for nutrients. The soil for cultivation also interfere with the production, eutrophic ground provided better results of cultivars. Fertilization did not affect the levels of iron and zinc in bean grains. The BRS Agreste, BRS Amethyst and BRS Style showed better results in most of the analyzed characteristics. Finally, it is concluded that the production of beans, needs a soil with good nutrition, a good organic matter content, management of fertilization and weed to increase production.
dentificação de marcadores de genes de resistência a patógenos em eucalipto e soja por RGA
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-07-27) Vieira, Paula Mikaely Henrique; Ferreira, Adésio; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Mengarda, Liana Hilda Golin; Moraes, Willian Bucker; Mendonça, Aria Andréia Corrêa
Along the evolution the plants developed a sophisticated mechanism of defense against the attack of phytopathogens, known as pre-formed defense. This system comprehends a complex net of biochemical signalization, commanded by resistance genes, the R genes. The identification of these genes in cultures of agronomic interest as soybean and eucalyptus amplifies the genetic basis of resistance, what makes the plants less vulnerable to the attack of pathogens. The R genes codify proteins with conserved domains. The presence of these domains allows the use of PCR technics aiming the DNA isolation and the cloning of analogous sequences of resistance genes (RGA) by means of the use of specific degenerated oligonucleotides for the conserved regions. It was aimed with this work: 1) to evaluate the presence of fragments associated to the resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata in genotypes of eucalyptus; 2) to measure the diversity among eucalyptus genotypes; 3) to identify fragments related to the resistance to the nematodes Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne spp in soybean genotypes and; 4) to carry out a comparative analysis of the data obtained by RGAs with SSR markers that contemplate QTLs of resistance. The cluster analyses carried out with the data of RGA and SSR allow distinguishing groups of genotypes that are resistant and susceptible to C. fimbriata and revealed the diversity existent among the studied individuals, the heatmap graphic allowed identifying fragments associated to the resistance to C. fimbriata in eucalyptus cultivars. The RGA markers applied in soybean were efficient in discriminating soybean genotypes that were resistant and susceptible to the nematodes in study, and it is important to associate to these the use of SSR markers because they are powerful in amplifying and discriminating genotypes according to the race and specificity of the pathogen.
Desempenho ecofisiológico de uma espécie dioica (Myrsine coriácea) em diferentes fitofisionomias da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-27) Moreira, Vinicius Ferreira; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Garbin, Mário Luís
Myrsine coriacea is a dioecious woody plant found in different phytophysiognomies in the biome of the Atlantic Forest, mainly in south and southeast regions of Brazil. It takes part in the feeding of many regional and / or migratory birds, and It shows potential for use in restoration projects of degraded areas. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the ecophysiological performance of female and male individuals m. cori in different vegetation types of the Atlantic Forest. It was evaluated characteristics morphological, physiological and biochemical responses, of male and female M. coriacea individuals situaded in three phytophysiognomies (Sandbank, Ombrophilous Forest and Altitude Fields). Female subjects showed an increase in ALT 34.8% higher than the male subjects. This result corresponds to the profile of dioecious plants, female plants which generally have higher growth rates, focusing on the production and maintenance of fruit. Environmental factors in altitude fields limit the photosynthetic responses without damaging the ecophysiological performance of M. coriacea, this behavior refers to the responses obtained in LA: SA which guaranteed the hydraulic efficiency and so the disposal and allocation of water and nutrients contributing to the production and development of the individuals. On the other hand, male plants obtained better performance in foliar resources, wich demonstrates that male individuals tend to allocate resources, mainly nitrogen, in the roots contributing to efficiency in the conduction and production of leaves and flowers in order to promote an effective pollination. Responses of FLA and CAR were pertinent in the performance of individuals as a result of environmental factors of each phytophysiognomy. Plants in altitude camps had a higher concentration of 41% compared to individuals of rain forest, and 11% from the Restinga. The altitude in Rain, made male and female subjects accumulate less metabolites in their leaves. In addition, FLA concentrations and CAR promoted defense conditions in M. coriacea, the effect of temperature variation. In conclusion M. coriacea indicated differences in the ecophysiological performance between the sexes, due to the trade - off found in dioecious plants, developing fundamental strategies to favor the survival of the specie resulting from the environmental characteristics of each field studied.
Distribuição de Euterpe edulis Martius na Mata Atlântica revela diferentes níveis de variabilidade genética : implicações para a conservação
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-28) Pereira, Aléxia Gonçalves; Ferreira, Adésio; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Tuler, Amélia Carlos; Santos, Pedro Henrique Dias dos
Euterpe edulis, known as the heart palm, is a key species of the Atlantic Forest, recorded in different phytophysiognomies. It is categorized as vulnerable to extinction due to loss of habitat, fragmentation and exploitation of the heart palm, which is of great gastronomic interest. Even considering this situation, studies with molecular markers has shown high diversity, low index for endogamy and genetic structuring. In search of answers about the distribution of the genetic diversity and the structure of this species in the Atlantic Forest, this study analyzed 26 variables and 527 individuals along the biome. The samples were collected from important national and international Conservation Units, RPPNs and fragments containing a minimum of 15 adult individuals. Eight SSR molecular markers were used to verify the existence of an inter and intrapopulation and evaluate the species structuring. Considering all the individuals analyzed, the study found out a loss of genetic diversity (He = 0.87 and Ho = 0.49) and high inbreeding (F = 0.43). The Southeast and the Midwest presented the largest Ho while the Northeast presented the smaller, thus being the most inbred region. The states of Minas Gerais, Federal District and Rio de Janeiro presented the highest frequencies in Ho, with Espírito Santo, Bahia and Paraná, with the highest rates of inbreeding. Analyzing by populations, He ranged from 0.48 to 0.79, Ho ranged from 0.30 to 0.63. The highest indexes of fixation (F) belong to VALE - ES Natural Reserve (0.60), Iguaçu National Park - PR (0,46), Serra da Jibóia - BA (0,46) and Parna da Serra da Bocaina - RJ (0.44), these being the highest values reported in the literature. This result represents a natural recovery process after the exploitation process, associated with the foraging behavior of pollinators and the absence of large seed dispersers. The maintenance process carried out by conservation units allowed the necessary response time for a species to genetically imprints the pressures it undergoes. Genetic variation between plants by FST and AMOVA was low, although analyzes by STRUCURE and PCoA demonstrated an initial deforestation process for a species within geographic regions. It was also possible to identify populations with unique genetic compositions, such as in the Serra Talhada National Park and the Murici Ecological Station in Alagoas; the RPPN VERACEL Station and the Serra da Jibóia - Jequitibá Reserve in Bahia; IBGE Ecological Reserve in Brasília, Itapeva State Park and Mata Paludosa Biological Reserve in Rio Grande do Sul. These populations may increase the variation for conservation and pre-improvement programs.
Divergência funcional em características reprodutivas, morfológicas e fisiológicas de Mabea fistulifera ao longo de um gradiente de altitude na Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-10-09) Pereira, Jéssica Priscilla; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Zanotti, Rafael Fonsêca
This work aimed to study the ecophysiological performance matrices of Mabea fistulifera in response to changes in environmental conditions and availability of resources that occur along an elevation gradient of 535 m (399-934 m). The study was conducted in forest regeneration areas of the Atlantic Forest, characterized by vegetation type Forest Semideciduous in Caparaó-ES region. The identification and marking of 29 matrices occurred in October 2013, along with the collection of plant material. The morphological and physiological analyzes were carried out in March 2014, after the period of maximum vegetative growth. At the end of the reproductive period, fruits were collected for the determination of biometric features and germination performance. Matrices showed an average of 5 fruits per bunch and fruit with dry mass of 1.7 g. The seeds an average volume of 227.8 mm3 and dry weight of 83.3 mg. With the dry biomass of fruits partition, approximately 85% was partitioned in the pericarp and 15% partitioned to the seeds. Germination ranged 2-92%, while the germination speed index from 0.34 to 2.19. The fruits of biometrics and seeds were not associated directly with the altitude of establishment of headquarters. The germination performance (germination and vigor) was closely related to the proportion of dry biomass partitioned fruit for seed and showed a positive correlation with the change in altitude. The morphological and physiological characteristics were evaluated and related to altitude, nutrient availability in the soil (available phosphorus and sum of bases) and intrinsic factors of each plant matrix (Cup exposure index and stem diameter). Among the characteristics evaluated, the relationship between leaf area and xylem area active branches (morphology) and stomatal conductance (physiological), showed the highest variability between the arrays. Regions located at higher altitudes were associated with decreased availability of nutrients in the soil, and arrays that were established in these regions had higher specific leaf area values and leaf area ratio. M. fistulifera arrays presents phenotypic plasticity in morphological and physiological characteristics in response to changes in altitude, associated with changes in the availability of water and nutrients.

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