Mestrado em Biologia Vegetal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17506

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2002
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019. Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1, p.52 - Parecer CNE/CES no 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Área(s) de concentração: Filosofia
Url do curso: https://biologiavegetal.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBV/detalhes-do-curso?id=28

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Ácidos húmicos extraídos do lodo de esgoto sanitário e seus efeitos em plantas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-02-27) Rocha, Lívia Dorsch; Dobbss, Leonardo Barros; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Mazzeo, Dânia Elisa Christofoletti
The final disposal of sewage sludge has been presented as an environmental and public health problem. The sewage sludge is rich in organic matter but it also presents pollutants and pathogens. Thus, this work was extracted humic acid (HA) which is a compound resulting from the fractionation of humic substances that comprises a carbon group generated by the decomposition of organic waste that suffer resynthesis forming humus. Humic acid promotes many benefits in plants, such as growth cell elongation, stress tolerance, increased plasma membrane permeability. Based on these features, the present study aimed to evaluate the cytogenetic effects (Allium cepa test), physiological and biochemical in Oryza sativa culture treated with differents concentrations of humic acids derived from sewage sludge. Elemental characterization of HA was performed to define the doses (0,5; 1, 2 e 4 mM C L-1). After 20 days of treatment, samples of the material were taken and subsequently analyzed. The chemical characterization of HA indicated it as a good conditioner for cultures showing high rates of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. No effect of toxicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of HA was observed. The results have shown significant increase of plant photosynthetic pigments on higher concentrations (2 mM C L-1 and 4 mM C L-1). In general the higher concentrations have presented more growth. Futhermore, there was an increase of ATPase expression in all treatments. And enzymes of oxidative stress increased relatively in differents concentrations. By the integration of these analyzes it was possible conclude that the humic acid from sewage sludge can be used as organic fertilizer as observed by the plant benefits showed in this work. Moreover, HA offers a good alternative for the disposal of sewage sludge residue, recycling the organic matter.
Algas epilíticas em um reservatório tropical raso (Vitória, ES): estrutura e dinâmica em diferentes escalas temporais
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008-12-18) Cavati, Bruna; Silva, Diolina Moura; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; Dias Júnior, Camilo; Rodrigues, Liliana
This research, developed in the Captation Lagoon of the water trucks supplying center of the City Prefecture of Vitória, a shallow tropical reservoir, aimed to evaluate changes in the structure and dynamics of the epilithics algae community in different temporal scales (succession and hydrological periods) in artificial limestone substratum. An experimental structure was confectioned, serving of support for limestone substrata, and implanted in the sampling site (located in the middle of the lagoon). The experiment had lasted 61 days in each season (dry and rainy). The measured abiotical variables were: wind velocity, light intensity, site depth, Secchi transparency, eufotic zone, air and water temperature, electric conductivity, total solids in suspension, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen, total nitrogen (kjeldahl), ortophosphate, total phosphorus dissolved and silica. The climatological data (precipitation and air temperature) had been obtained from the Incaper meteorological station. The structure and dynamics of the community had been evaluated based in the following attributes: specie richness, density, abundance, dominancy, diversity, evenness and biovolume. The chlorophylls a, b and c, carotenoids and phaeopigments concentrations had also been quantified in the epilithic algae. The lowest nitrogen-nutrients and electric conductivity values and the highest turbidity and phosphorus concentration values were reported in the higher precipitation period. According CONAMA resolution nº357/2005, the Captation lagoon can be classified as “water class 2” (destinated to parks and garden irrigation) and only the phosphorus values are higher than the resolution stardard quality values. 115 taxa were reported, with qualitative predominance of the Class Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. In both periods, the density, biovolume and pigments concentrations were crescent; however, the most expressive density and pigments concentration increase occured in the dry season, as long as the biovolume increase occured in the rainy season. The diversity and evenness index showed temporal variations in short ans long-term. The succession standard was, quantitatively: initial colonization by Chlorophyceae, which was substituted by Cyanophyceae in the intermediary and final stages. Bacillariophyceae contributed in the intermediary stages, mainly in the dry season. Chlorophyceae showed the highest revelance to biovolume. Short-term community variability was determinated by autogenic process (competition and resources limitation), which were more accented in dry season. Pluviometric index and nitrogen and phosphorus-nutrients concentrations variation were determinants in long-term. The specie richness, density and pigments concentrations showed more sensible answers to nitrogen and to the disturbance features than the biovolume, which was masked in the rainy season by the taxonomic representation
Algas fitoplanctônicas na Lagoa Juparanã (Linhares-ES): variação espacial, temporal e bioindicadores do estado trófico
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-02-24) Gonçalves, Monica Amorim; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; Dias Júnior, Camilo; Suzuki, Marina Satika
The present work was done at Juparanã lake –Brazil’s larger lake in fresh water volume –located in Linhares-ES. There were four collections with quarterly periodicity along an annual cycle (season drought and rainy), in two sampling stations: point 1, situated in central point (in the middle of the lake) and, because of this, more natural considered and less impact and point 2 , located in the outlet river Pequeno, that connects the lake to the river Doce. Characterist limnological like, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, water electric conductivity, depth, main nutrients concentration, transparency were determined. The phytoplankton community was analysed in qualitative and quantitative terms, being made thecounting by the sedimentation method, besides the chlorophyll a determination.The obtained results showed that the lake can be characterized for pH with tendency to the neutrality (6,5), low electric conductivity (84,8 µS/cm), low turbidity (12,1 UNT) and nutrients poverty (PO43 -34,0 µg/L; NO3-118,6 µg/L; P-total 42,2 µg/L; NH4+48,9 µg/L; NO2-4,5 µg/L; N-total 550,7 µg/L), water transparency was high in the two first samplings, but it decreased considerably in the next samplings due to the rainfall season, the dissolved oxygen contents were elevated during the whole study and wasn’t verified thermal profile stratification most of the time. Phytoplankton community showed 109 algaes taxa, belonging to 9 algaes classes with low numerical density (794 ind./ml) and biomass algal numbers (1,4 µg/L of chlorophyll a). Cyanophyceae, Zygnemaphyceae and Chlorophyceae was dominant numerically. Zygnemaphyceae were represented mostly for algaes of family Desmidiaceae, described in the literature like bioindicators of oligotrophic waters. The most representative gender regardind taxa number was Staurastrum. Chlorophyceae represented mostly by Chlorococcales, and Eutetramorus/Radiococcuswas abundant in 50% of the quantitative samples. Regarding to Cyanophyceae although low density, Synechocystissp. was dominant in 22,7% of the samples and abundant in 54,5%. The Simple and Compound Nygaard Coefficient classifies as an mesotrophic to eutrophic ambient, however this index works with big taxa groups was not considered satisfactory in bioindicators studies. In point 2 were found filamentous species that usually are part of periphyton, very developed in this location. There wasn’t observed standards in phytoplankton vertical and temporal distribution. The low concentrations of nutrients and low levels of biomass and phytoplankton density points to oligotrophic conditions for the Juparanã lake and suggests to possible competitive relations between phytoplankton, periphyton and aquatic plants, mostly in point 2.Qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrate Cyanobacteria's several taxa,with dominanceof Synechocystissp., what is an alertfor the pond uses, due to the toxins production potentiality.
Alterações fisiológicas e nutricionais durante as fases do desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo do mamoeiro Golden
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-02-13) Silva, Mariela Mattos da; Costa, Aureliano Nogueira da; Silva, Diolina Moura; Aguilar, Marco Antônio Gáleas; DaMatta, Fábio Murilo
The papaya tree is a plant whose reproductive growth is continuous and uninterrupted, and your productivity is influenced by the great variability of responses to the demands of accumulation of assimilates, and photosynthetic characteristics depending on the growth phases and cultivars causing changes in the final quality of the fruit. In order to determine the influence of the vegetative and reproductive development stages on the papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. ‘Golden’) in field conditions, was determined the growth, the macronutrients and dry mass (DM) accumulation, the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves, the concentration of nitrogen in petiole and leaf blade and the chlorophyll a fluorescence. For this study, the plants were initially selected and marked at random in a commercial crop located in Linhares, in the North of Espírito Santo. The growth and the dry mass accumulation happened in a fast way after the transplant of the seedlings to the field, with continuous increase until the beginning of the flowering/fructification of the papaya, where the higher accumulations relative diaries of DM happen. In the reproductive phase the picks of diaries relative accumulation of nutrients happened between 120 and 160 DAP. The development stages influenced the order of nutrient accumulation. N, K and Ca were the most accumulated nutrients during the vegetative stage and with the beginning of the reproductive stage, K became the most accumulated nutrient in the papaya plants. Although it has been accumulated in smaller amounts S was the nutrient more exported to the reproductive organs. The nitrate reductase activity presented expressive reduction with the beginning of the reproductive period, showing the influence of the plant stage development on the metabolism of assimilation of N. Only the N concentrations the petiole presented reductions in function of the days after planting, showing correlation between activity of the enzyme and the nutrient concentration the leaf. The results corroborated the use of the petiole as the best part of the leaf to indicate the “status” of N in papaya plants. The photochemical response of the plants, measured by the chlorophyll a x fluorescence, showed higher values in the vegetative phase, mainly observed in the basic parameters. Moreover, among the parameters OJIP, the flux of photons absorbed by RC (ABS/RC), the dissipation of radiant energy by active RC (DI0/RC), the performance index (PI) and the density of active RCs of FSII (RC/CS0), indicated stress caused by the transplanting of the plants to the field and for the beginning of the reproductive stage. These results show the efficiency of this technique for detecting changes due abiotic factors, as observed in seedlings transplanting in the field, as well as indicated the changes occurred in the beginning of the reproductive phase, wich may have acted as a isolated factor or combined with other environment stresses that the plants are subjected.
Alterações fisiológicas em clones de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) submetidos ao deficit hídrico
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-07-28) Silva Júnior, Roque Alves da; Silva, Diolina Moura; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Corte, Viviana Borges; Partelli, Fabio Luiz
This study aimed to investigate, on a greenhouse, the physiological performance of two young and grafted cultivars (RRIM600 e FX3864) of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) subjected to water stress and to recovery during rehydration. The parameters analyzed were leaf water potential (?w), survival and growth after rehydration and fluorescence transient of the chlorophyll a. Thirty days after acclimatization, the drought was initiated by complete removal of water until the water potential (?w) reach critical values (38 days), followed by 30 days of rehydration. Both cultivars showed a similar behavior of ?w decreasing during water suppression and recovery in rehydration. However, the FX3864 genotype was more susceptible to drought proved by figures that show deficiency in electron transport in the photochemical step in photosynthesis and a lower rate of survival after dehydration and reduced growth and development after rehydration. RRIM600 showed a greater physiological plasticity to tolerate the imposition of water suppression confirmed by a smaller decline in the values in the most of the parameters analyzed and by the shortest time necessary for recovery.
Análise da expressão gênica e atividade enzimática antioxidante em Passiflora edulis SIMS sob diferentes concentrações de alumínio
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-29) Pretti, Irany Rodrigues; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Ferreira, Marcio Alves; Fontes, Renata Venturim
The passion fruit is cultivated in almost all the brazilian territory. The Espírito Santo State currently ranks fourth in production in the country. The production of Espírito Santo, Passiflora edulis, is expanding, given that in recent years there has been an increase in planted area of 500 ha of passion, in 1990 to 2,429 ha in March 2008, reaching 2010 in December, 2800 ha planted. However, most of the production in Espírito Santo is still concentrated in the northern region of the state, especially the municipalities of the Jaguaré and Sooretama. While the numbers show progress in the production of fruit, the Espírito Santo is characterized by acidic soils and high aluminum content. Among the responses triggered by exposure to aluminum are: inhibition of root growth, inhibition of cell division, nutrient deficiency, and the activation of signaling pathways and changes in level of protein and RNA transcripts. Thus, it becomes important to study the components of the antioxidant defense system in plants undergoing exposure to aluminum. The ROS can pose serious threat to the cell, one of the responses to environmental stresses such as toxic aluminum. However, few studies have reported the effects of Al on the plant canopy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of the antioxidant system P.edulis under such conditions. The study of the oxidative stress induced by aluminum showed that the CAT and SOD gene expression of was increased in plants in the nutrient solution and only cv. FB100 this increase was accompanied by increment enzymatic activity of SOD, indicating the higher efficiency of the removal of ROS. Plants grown in the field showed that the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the crop with high aluminum content was not activated at the time of collection, despite the high activity of SOD and APX. This response was possibly determined by the extended time to which the plants were exposed to stress.
Análise do desenvolvimento de sementes de mamoeiros (Carica papaya L.) infectados com Papaya ringspot vírus e Papaya meleira vírus
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Salgado, Raquel Pereira Passos; Fernandes, Patricia Machado Bueno; Costa, Adelaide de Fátima Santana da; Rodrigues, Silas Pessini
The papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fruit tree very important for the State of Espírito Santo, which is the second largest producer and the largest exporter of papaya in Brazil. However, the diseases papaya sticky desease (or meleira) and mosaic of papaya, caused, respectively, by Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) and Papaya ringspot virus-P (PRSV-P), are the main limiting factors. The seeds of Carica papaya are intermediate, for tolerance to desiccation, its reserve tissue is the endosperm, has asynchronous germination due to the presence of inhibitors in the sarcotesta region. It is known that viral transmission by seeds is a very important route for the spread of PMeV, and PRSV-P is not typically transmitted through this route. This study aims to evaluate if there is interference of PMeV and PRSV-P on the germination of seeds from infected plants. This research found that the PMeV causes the reduction of seeds biomass, germination rate, growth and biomass of the plants, and damage in the surface structure of the embryos. The PRSV-P virus demonstrated does not compromise any of the parameters. In conclusion, PMeV virus affect the formation and development of the seeds of infected papaya cv. Golden plants, and the PRSV-P virus does not cause any damage to seed as the PMeV virus does
Análise do nível de vulnerabilidade dos reservatórios de carbono em arbóreas funcionais de restinga e manguezal às variações do clima
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-03-08) Knupp, Karina Tiussi Batisti; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares; Saiter, Felipe Zamborlini
Changes in climate have been taking place with implications for thermal regimes and precipitation. How plants will respond to these changes is still uncertain. In particular carbon pools, which account for up to 80% of the structural mass of plants. It is interesting to investigate the vulnerability level of some species of the coastal formations of restinga and mangrove of the Mata Atlântica biome of Greater Vitória - ES in relation to the variations of the climate. Therefore, the carbon storages contents in leaf and drain (stem) organs of Clusia hilariana, Ocotea notata and Protium icicariba restinga, and Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle were evaluated in the autumn of 2016 and summer of 2017. Data were related to temperature and precipitation values. Non-structural carbohydrates (starch, sucrose and total soluble carbohydrates) and cell wall structural polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) were determined. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at the 5 % level (P <0.05) of significance, when necessary. The summer showed more precipitation. In the autumn of 2016 the average temperature was 27 ° C and in the summer of 2017, 25 ° C. The species of the two coastal formations responded differently to climate variations. In the mangrove, the concentration of cellulose in stem and leaf varied, being higher in the summer. In the restinga, the concentration of cellulose and starch in stem and leaf was higher in the summer. Similarly, in the restinga, the non-structural sucrose carbohydrate from the leaf, was also higher in summer. The concentration of lignin in the restinga was higher in the autumn. The restinga, due to changes in the concentrations of its carbon storages to temperature and precipitation variations between autumn and summer, can be considered, with greater vulnerability to temperature and precipitation changes in which ecosystems are being submitted.
Análise fitoquímica e avaliação das antioxidante, antimutagênica e citotóxica do estrato hidoalcoólico de Coriandrum sativum L.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-28) Santos, Patricia Carara dos; França, Hildegardo Seibert; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Corte, Viviana Borges; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah
Coriandrum sativumL., known as coentro, is included in the Apiaceae family and It is a vegetable originating from European and African Continent. Flowers, leaves and fruits are commonly used of this plant. In addition it plays an important role in folk medicine and It is recommended for treatment of various diseases. This plant is rich in phenolic compounds that are related to Its antioxidant effects. The substrate involved in medicinal plant cultivation process can interfere in the production of secondary metabolites with bioactive principles . Another important factor in the production of metabolites is the development stage in which the plant is and there is no scientific works with this approach involvingC. sativum. The aims of this study was evaluate the influence of fertilization on the production of secondary metabolites in two stages of development of Coriandrum sativumand relate these conditions with quimioprotetor, antimutagenic and antioxidantpotential of hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of thisplant. Theplants were grown in the Venda Nova do Imigrante/ES –Brazil under the organic fertilizer regimes (bovine manure) and chemical fertilizer (NPK), field conditions, and was evaluated two stages of development (vegetative and flowering). Aerial parts were dried and subjected to maceration in 70:30 ethanol/water (vol/vol) to obtain the crude extract which were underwent a phytochemical characterization by colorimetric methods and mass spectrometry. All cultivation conditions showed that the extracts had same phytochemical classes of metabolites (coumarins, flavonoids and steroids) andthe mass spectrometry indicated similarities between the extracts evaluated. The crude extract of C. sativumin the vegetative stage and chemical fertilization showed better antioxidant activity, according to the DPPH test when compared to other treatment groupsandthe extracts obtained from vegetative stage of the 8plantsunder different cultivation conditionsshowed a reduction in the micronucleus frequencyin relation to the positive control in the pretreatment and simultaneously assay.
Análises morfofisiológicas de plantas de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) cultivadas em pleno sol e em sombreamento natural
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-26) Gama, Vinícius Novo; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Corte, Viviana Borges; Gonçalves, José Francisco de Carvalho
Caesalpinia echinataLam. is a endangered tree of the Atlantic Florest. Published data has demonstrated that this specie threedifferent leaf morphological variants, and variant small leaflet considered a secondary classification plant forest succession, in contrast with the results of growth medium leaflet variant observed in the field. The central aim of this study was to characterize some morphological, biochemical and physiological leaf morphotype average C. echinata contrasting under conditions of irradiance. This work was conducted at the Reserva Natural da Valein the municipality of Sooretama, ES. We analyzed average leaflets of fully expanded leaves us third-fourth of young plants of Brazil wood in two different light conditions: full sun and natural shade. Plants in full sun showed greater efficiency in capturing light energy, followed by a photochemical better utilization and higher net carbon assimilation, which possibly resulted in a higher content of soluble carbohydrates. Because of the imbalance photosynthetic presumed to have been an excess plant photorespiratory activity in shading in an attempt to prevent the formation of free radicals by reducing compounds formed. The energy that should be being used in photochemical reactions and / or biochemical plants to shading was, for the most part, dissipated as heat or re-emitted as fluorescence translocated to the production of antioxidative defense compounds of secondary metabolism. Therefore, the high light condition provided greater growth of population exposed to full sun in relation to plants exposed to low light. The morphology and anatomic levels of photosynthetic pigments of plants exposed to the sun presented in this study also indicate a strong tolerance to this variant of intense light condition. The results presented in this paper show that the direct solar radiation is configured as a condition more suitable for the planting of shading variant mean leaf of Brazil wood. Given these differences in morphology and ecophysiological variants of the species C. echinata, a restructuring is necessary taxonomic species in possible sub-specific taxa, for thus reestablish anew classification of Brazil wood in forest succession, and thus provide support for proper planting and management of this plant in reforestation programs
Aspectos ecofisiológicos das cianobactérias em uma lagoa costeira urbana (Lagoa Juara, Serra, ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-24) Alves, Fernanda Brêda; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; Dias Júnior, Camilo; Suzuki, Marina Satika
This study aimed to evaluate the cyanobacterial community structure analyzing taxonomic richness, composition, total density (individuals / mL), abundance, dominance of species beyond their biomass in Juara pond in spatial scale, vertical and temporal. Two samples were performed, one in the dry season (Sept / 2013) and another held in the rainy season (Mar / 2014) at three sampling stations located in a longitudinal gradient in the lagoon, representing regions near the mouth of streams (including those backers of matter organic resulting from domestic effluent discharge "in natura" is primarily via stream Laranjeiras), the sea andthe deployment area of the cages. Sub-surface samples were collected at depths of 50% brightness 1% light water column, always in the morning. Qualitative samples were collected with a plankton net of 20 microns and quantitative bottle with van Dorn. The cyanobacterial community structure was evaluated based on its key attributes: taxa richness, total density, abundance and dominance. The biovolume was calculated based on geometric shapes approximating the shape of the cell. Were determined: temperature (air / water), euphotic zone depth, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and major nutrients (silicate, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus). We recorded 43 species of cyanobacteria, belonging to 17 genera, 8 families and 4 orders, 3 genres confirmed in literature as microcystin producers. The total density of cyanobacteria showed higher values in samples influenced by precipitation with no differences between the EA1 and EA2 station, just sampling station AE3 significant difference between the period of drought and rain, with higher density figures in the dry season. The biovolume data were higher in the rainy season and EA2 sampling station. The vertical variation of biovolume showed a significant difference only in the sampling stations EA1 and EA3, with uniform EA2 station at different depths. So the Microcystis genus had a higher contribution in terms of biovolume. The microcystin produced mainly by this genre was present in the aquatic environment, both in the dry season as in the rainy, with values within the parameters allowed by law. The values of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and nitrate showed temporal and spatial variation. The vertical variation was slight in the depths of the three sampling stations. The highest recorded concentrations of orthophosphate, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and nitrate, especially in EA2 and EA3 stations. The EA2 and EA3 stations showed limnological and biological characteristics of similarity. Both stations suffer human impact due to intensive fish farming system and through the discharge of domestic sewage "in natura" via stream Laranjeiras respectively. The Juara pond has multiple uses, and the development of subsistence activity as intensive fish farming, this practice together with the impacts associated with the injection of wastewater, showed signs of changes regarding the environmental conditions in the pond leading to the development of species-producing cyanobacteria microcystin. The presence of this toxin at high levels may impair the use of the pond, especially intensive farming of fish for consumption and leisure and recreation.
Atividades antioxidante, alelopática e antigenotóxica do exopolissacarídeo carboximetilado botriosferana
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-22) Gervásio, Suiany Vitorino; Sena, Geralda Gillian Silva; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Delarmelina, Juliana Macedo; França, Hildegardo Seibert
Secondary metabolites constitute an important part of the plants. Present protection function,assist in environmental responses and adaptation of plants to the environment. Its chemical composition is what favors the activities performed by secondary metabolites and enables its most diverse applications, whether for the treatment of diseases with the direct use of plants or production for industry. In search of new sources of secondary metabolites, the algae and fungi presented themselves as prominent groups, being used because of how ease is the production of these metabolites; without requiring large spaces and investments. Among the fungi, the genus Botryospaheria, known to cause diseases in plants, houses the species Botryosphaeriarhodina, which causes eucalyptus cancer, a promoter of fruit rot and is known for the production ofbotriosferana, a polysaccharide producedextracellularly, of type ß-glucana with type ß-(1 ? 3.1 ? 6) links and of low solubility. Botriosferanapresents antioxidant activity as well ashypocholesterolemic, antimutagenic, antifungal and antiviral activity. Aiming to potentialize these activities this molecule has undergone a structural alteration, carboxymethylation, where the number of branches is increased and therefore also its solubility. To verify that the increase in solubility has altered its activity, analyses of the antioxidants were performed by methods of DDPH, Abts, Frap and Iron chelating2+as well as the allelopathic activityin the test systems Allium Strain and Lactuca sativa, the cellular viability of human lymphocytes and sarcoma 180 by the MTT methodand the evaluation of mutagenic activity and antimutagenic in mice. The carboxymethylated botriosferana presented antioxidant activity only in two methods, DPPH and iron chelating, not presenting anyallelopathicactivity. Increased cell viability of lymphocytes, mainly under 48h of exposure, and was selective to decrease the cell viability of 180 sarcoma under 48h of exposure. It did not present mutagenic activity, but was antimutagenic, considerably decreasing the micronuclei values compared to positive control. The results obtained indicate that the structural alteration maintained the activities previously described and which were reassessed by comparing the reduction of damage caused by cyclophosphamide, there is an indication that the structural change potentiated this activity of the carboxymethylatedbotriosferana. When considering all the activities performed by botriosferana, it is possible to observe its potential application as an adjuvant for the treatment of chronic non- communicable diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia, and also for the treatment of cancer.
Atributos quantitativos de espécies arbóreas pioneiras e não pioneiras da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Macieira, Bernardo Pretti Becacici; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Musa, Bruna Cersózimo Arenque
The succession classification is based on very inconsistent quality attributes. The present study aimed to quantifysome phenotypicaspects in pioneer and non-pioneer tree species of the Atlantic Forest in the state of Espírito Santo. Leaves and stem segments of three pioneer species (Senna multijuga var. verrucosa, Miconia cinnamomifoliaandBixa arborea) and three non-pioneer species (Melanoxylon brauna, Carpotroche brasiliensisandNeoraputia alba)were analyzed. The pioneer species showed higher chloroplastid pigments; higher stomatal density and vessels elements diameters; higher glucose (6% of the dry mass –DM), fructose (2.3% DM) and sucrose contents (7.9% DM) found on the stem. Non-pioneer species showed higher leaf thickness, higher starch (2.8% DM) and cell wall polymers contents in their leaves (10% cellulose, 15% hemicellulose and 4% lignin DM). In the stem, the wall cell polymers contents in non-pioneer species (33% cellulose, 24% hemicellulose and 22% lignin DM) were higher than the pioneer species. The hemicellulose for both functional groups suggest that xylan (stem) and arabinogalactan (leaves) type. Whereas the soluble carbohydrates, starch and pigments are unstable molecules subject to environmental variations, we conclude that cell wall polymersare safer to characterize the functional classes. However, the lignin compound that was more varied between two functional groups (>100%) indicating that the content of polymer is more reliable quantitative attribute to identify pioneer and non-pioneer species from Atlantic Forest
Avaliação da qualidade dos frutos de genótipos de aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.) em diferentes estádios de maturação
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-08-16) Gerhardt, Nataly Senna; Ventura, José Aires; Borges, Warley de Souza; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel
Schinus terebinthifolia (aroeira) is a species that has attracted the interest of many farmers because the fruits are used as condiment, being of interest to the food industry, and for the potential benefits of its essential oil. This high popularity demands fruit quality, in both its physical and chemical characteristics. In the present study, the quality of the fruits of various genotypes of aroeira in different stages of maturation was evaluated, with the aim of determining the best period for the harvest to meet the market demand. The fruits of the genotype BAAr 05, were analyzed in the five maturation stages: green fruit (1); green-pink fruit (2); pink fruit (3); "ripe" red fruit (4); intense red fruit "past-ripe" (5), analyzing the physical characteristics (weight, size), and chemical characteristics (chemical components of the essential oil and its yield), and developing a new methodology for headspace analysis. The genotypes BAAr 05, BAAr 08-C and BAAr 23, were evaluated in the fifth maturation stage and identified according to chemo-types. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three replications. The results were submitted to chemometrics to perform the multivariable analysis of the data, using the principal components analysis (PCA). The maturation stages of the BAAr 05 genotype showed the grouping between uniform stages and separation between the intermediate stages, showing the transition characteristic of the fruits in stages 2 and 3. The Clevenger apparatus was used to determine the oil yield, which reaches its peak in the fourth stage of maturation(3,76%). This suggests that the fourth stage is the best harvesting time. The PCA analysis showed grouping between the repetitions of the genotypes BAAr 05, BAAr 08-C and BAAr 23, demonstrating that the genotypes have differentiated chemotypes. It became clear that the headspace technique excels in chemometric analysis of the main components also analyzing the genotype chemotypes.
Avaliação da resistência à antracnose em frutos de diferentes genótipos de bananeira
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-02-28) Alves, Eliomara Sousa Sobral; Fernandes, Patricia Machado Bueno; Ventura, José Aires; Costa, Hélcio; Chiaradia, Ana Cristina Nascimento
In Brazil, the banana culture has a great economical importance. It usually has a family character in Espírito Santo state, being produced in small farms. However, both pre-and post-harvest diseases have caused severe crop-lost. Yellow and black-sigatoka and panama disease can affect the plants still in the field. After the harvest, the fruits can be infected by the Colletotrichum musaeresponsible for the anthracnose in bananas. The choice of resistant genotypes for those diseases is a viable strategy; they can be achieved through improvement programs. In this work the resistance of different bananas genotypes that showed pre-harvested resistance (‘Prata’; ‘Pacovan’; ‘Ouro da Mata’; ‘Prata Zulu’; FHIA01; PV 42-68; PV 42-81; PV 42-142; ST 12-31; ST 42-08; YB 42-21), against the anthracnose were evaluated, using the ‘Prata’ cultivar as control. Additionally, chemical and physical features of the resistant fruits physiology were determined. For the resistance analysis and the genotypes characterization it was used ten and three repetitions, respectively. Statistical variance was measured by 5 % Tukey test. Four hybrids (ST 12-31; PV 42-68; PV 42-81; PV 42-142) were more resist to disease confirmed by small lesion diameter and pulp preserved. ST 12-31, PV42-81 and PV 42-142 had higher weight values than control, being 150,7g, 187,8g and 243,5g, respectively. The values for pulp weight vary from 72,4g (control) to 138,5g (PV 42-142) and the peel/pulp ratio from 1,6 (control) to 3,9 (‘Prata Zulu’). The fruit size varies from 2,6 cm (control) to 3,59 cm (‘Prata Zulu’) in diameter and 13,6 cm (control) to 19,95 cm (PV 42-142) in length. The peel thickness values varied from 1,7 mm (‘Prata Zulu’) to 4,6 mm (PV42-142), different of control (3,0 mm). The biochemical analysis showed perceptual values 0,36, 0,69 and 0,63 for total titulable acids (ATT) presented in PV 42-68, ‘Ouro da Mata’ and control, respectively. The genotypes YB 42-21, ST 42-08 and ‘Prata’ had 4,53, 4,52 and 4,28 pH values, respectively. The total soluble solids (SST) vary from 24,8 % (control) to 27,4 % (‘Prata Zulu’) and the ATT/SST ratio vary from 38,72 (control) to 67,56 (‘Prata Zulu’). For starch meaning, we did not found variation among ‘Pacovan’, PV 42-68 and ‘Ouro da Mata’, although all of them had highest values than control. Among the evaluated genotypes, PV 42-142, PV 42-68, PV 42-81 and ST 12-31 self showed more attractive to be used for agriculture practice and they can be recommended for the small farms. The results presented are the primer steps for future improvement programs
Avaliação da tolerância ao calor de diferentes acessos de Jatropha curcas L.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-29) Santos, Thaís Araujo dos; Gallon, Camilla Zanotti; Silva, Diolina Moura; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Fernandes, Patrícia Machado Bueno; Carvalho, Luciana Marques de
Jatropha curcasL. is a plant species whose seed produces a relatively simple oilto be converted into biofuel. The tolerance to high temperatures was analyzed in nine physic nut accessions grown in plastic pots in the experimental area of the Espírito Santo University, Brazil. The chlorophyll content and chlorophyll afluorescence induction kineticswere analyzed during the months of February and June/2015. It was observed in February (month with daily maximum temperatures around 35 °C), six of nine accessions had the highest chlorophyll levels. The OJIP curves of transient fluorescence of chlorophyll a demonstrated that three accessions had a inefficiency in the reoxidation capacity of quinoneAreduced, and two accessions showed a progressive reduction of plastoquinone accumulated; and one access presented damage in photosystem I, with incapacities in reducing the "pool" of plastoquinoneand plastocyanin in thylakoid membranes and P700+ chlorophyll a during the summer. In July, month with the highest changes on day/nighttemperature (30 / 19ºC), one access presented inativation of the oxygen evolution complex, two presented disconnection between the units of photosystem II; and three presented damage in the photosystem II, donor side, at the plastoquinone pool. Among the nine accessions, only one showed no inactivation of one or moresteps of the transient curve OJIP chlorophyll fluorescence during the periods analyzed. The principal component analysis applied to JIP Test data showed the formation of two groups representing the data collection period indicating the changes to distinguish the behavior of these plants in February and June have occurred since the initial reactions in Photosystem II to the end of the electron transport of photochemical stage when the final electron acceptors of photosystem I is reduced. The normalization of the data obtained by the JIP test showed the performance index of PSII (PIABS) as the main parameter to identify the tolerance levels to the hightemperature combined to other environmental stresses. This parameter is a multiparameter expression that combines some partial responses of the photosynthetic apparatus, including the three key properties that determine the potential activity of Photosystem II: the density of active reaction centers, the efficiency of photochemical reactions and the ability to transfer the electron excited after reducing the Quinone A. Thus, it was possible to classify the nine physic nut accessions in relation to the tolerance for high temperature conditions: NEF10,19,21> NEF13,15,16
Avaliação das características físicas, bioquímicas e organolépticas e efeito da radiação gama na conservação pós-colheita dos frutos de mamão (Carica papaya L.)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-02-28) Ferraz, Karla Kristine Florenço; Silva, Diolina Moura; Figueiredo, Suely Gomes de; Medeiros, Edna Faria de; Rabelo, Flavia Lucia Abreu
Avaliação do efeito da radiação gama na qualidade do mamão (Carica papaya L.): características nutricionais, textura, parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e genéticos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008-02-21) Silva, Geralda Gillian; Matsumoto, Sílvia Tamie; Figueiredo, Suely Gomes de; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah; Santana, Enilton Nascimento
The gamma irradiation process is an important strategy to post-harvest conservation and fruit’s commercialization. This work had as an objective to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation in the nutritional characteristics, texture and on the stress oxidative and genetic parameters of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) of the ‘Solo’ Golden group. Irradiated fruits (0.8 kGy - cobalt-60 source) were evaluated as the water contents, fibers, ash, totals lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, carotenoids and vitamin C (at the 5, 7 and 9th day post-harvest (dph)); at the texture; activity of the catalase - CAT and peroxidase – POX enzymes; lipid peroxidation and possible damages to the genetic material (during its shelf life). The radiation dose applicated did not alter the content of water, ash, proteins and as of lycopene, as did not carry mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the fruits. However, the irradiated fruits presented higher content of fibers and lower content of lipids and vitamin C; content a little bit of carbohydrates (5th th dph) and total carotenoids (7 dph) when compared to the controls fruits and an increase of lipid peroxidation, the one what can suggest an inducement of oxidative stress. The irradiation altered the profile of CAT and POX activities, which that can be related to the higher firmness and a lower content of carbohydrates of the irradiated fruits, which indicates that the irradiation delayed ripening of the fruits. The results demonstrated that the gamma irradiation (0.8 KGy) do not change the papaya quality, being a process promissory in the conservation post harvest of these fruits.
Avaliação dos efeitos alelopáticos e mutagênicos de formas extrativas de Passiflora edulis Sims por meio do bioensaio Allium cepa
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-12-15) Costalonga, Schirley Aparecida; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Valéria de Oliveira Fernandes; Andrade, Marcieni Ataíde de
The human being use plants for different things, like powerful medicine instrument and biological control. The Allium cepa system is a efficient tool for identify dangerous substances for animals and vegetables. Passiflora edulis is a native plant used abundantly as phitoteraphic in Brazil; besides it produce many substances with allelophatic potencial, but without intense studies. Thus, the aim was evaluated the allelophatic and mutagenic effects of four leave extracts and two infusions of P. edulis over A. cepa seeds treaty with continuous and discontinuous acute and chronics treatments in middle with water, three concentration of extracts (1, 2 e 5 mg/mL) or three concentrations of infusions (10, 50 e 100%). Happened a accentuated allelophatic potential for the ethanolic extract, which reduced the germination and speed’s germination index; for the hexane and acetate extracts, same results were obtained for 2 e 5 mg/mL concentration and for dichlorometane extract, only in the major concentration. Didn’t have changes on this parameters when mesocárpico and leave infusions were used. For the roots developments, none change was reported. The mitotic index was affected in all three extracts’ concentrations, in 100% of continuous treatments, all concentration of acute discontinuous and 10 e 100% of chronic treatment with mesocarpic infusion. Aneugenic effects were related only in 1 mg/mL of dichlorometane extract and 100% acute discontinuous treatment of leave infusion. Clastogenic effects happened in 2 mg/mL of acetate extract in acute discontinuous treatment and 2 mg/mL of ethanolic extract in continuous treatment. The seeds treated with 1 e 2 mg/mL of acetate extract for 72h presented abnormal roots growth and didn’t response for coloration. Happened elevated number of dead cells and in all chronic discontinuous treatment. The results above denote the deep relation between the allelophatic and mutagenic effects and reinforce the importance of study the native species. For more security concerning the use of P. edulis for human beings, advice the establish tests in animals
Avaliação dos riscos de impacto ambiental com agrotóxicos usados na produção convencional e integrada do mamão
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007-03-28) Pinheiro, Emannuel Berson; Ventura, José Aires; Fernandes, Patricia Machado Bueno; Costa, Helcio
Fruit crop is an important socioeconomic activity for Brazil and Espírito Santo State, where papaya is prominent. However, the impacts caused by the use of pesticides are currently a constant concern all over the world. Brazil, to continue to export, should adopt methods and techniques aimed at quality, without harming the environment. In Espírito Santo, Integrated Production of Papaya was implemented to optimize the productive process, reduce the amount of pesticides used and obtain quality of the production acceptable internationally. The objective of this work is to adapt a method for calculation of the risk of environmental impact of the active ingredients registered in the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) for the culture of papaya in Brazil, and to compare the risks of environmental impact in the systems of conventional and integrated production of papaya in Espírito Santo. The active ingredients used are those registered in the MAPA. The Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) was calculated as to form the database for "AgroImpacto Mamão". The application of the database was tested in commercial orchards of papaya located in Linhares ES, and conducted in systems of conventional and integrated production. The method of calculation was shown to be applicable to the pesticides registered in Brazil and "AgroImpacto Mamão", and of easy use. Comparison of the monitored orchards showed that there was a reduction of 71,14% in EIQ in the integrated production, and this would be of 78,69% if "AgroImpacto Mamão" was used.

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