Agricultura Tropical

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17346

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical

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Análise de diversidade genética e ecofisiologia de germinação de Theobroma cacao L.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-22) Lavanhole, Daniele Freisleben; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Posse, Sheila Cristina Prucoli; Arantes, Sara Dousseau; Machado Filho, José Altino; Souza, Carlos Alberto Spaggiari; Schmildt, Omar
The great variability of fruits and seeds makes it difficult to distinguish existing groups of cocoa. The analysis of genetic diversity has been an important tool to subsidize the identification of promising materials for commercial use. Another factor is the variability between the different cacao genotypes at temperature, highlighting the need and the opportunities for the adequate correlation of the planting material with the local environments. This work is divided into two chapters, the first chapter entitled "Analysis of genetic diversity of Theobroma cacao L.", aiming to analyze genetic diversity using biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of cacao genotypes, aiming to identify promising materials for commercial use. The genotypes evaluated were Common, TSH-1188, ESFIP-02, CCN-51, Ipiranga-01, SJ-02, PH-16, PS-1319, CEPEC-2002 and Catongo. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis and estimated genetic divergence were performed by the Tocher and UPGMA grouping method. Genetic divergence was observed among the cacao genotypes, with fruit length, fresh seed weight and lower diameter being the characteristics that contributed most to dissimilarity. The TSH-1188 genotype presented higher averages for the physical characteristics of the seeds, while, ESFIP-02 and SJ-02 presented the highest ºBrix. The second chapter entitled "Ecophysiology of germination of Theobroma cacao L. genotypes" was aimed at evaluating the interaction of genotype with temperatures and drying periods on germination and post-germination development of cacao. In the germination test, the temperatures evaluated were 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40ºC constant and 15-25ºC and 20-30ºC alternated, and the desiccation tolerance was evaluated in the seeds arranged under laboratory conditions (25ºC + 1ºC of temperature and 65% + 5% of humidity) for 0, 2 and 4 days. Germination and vigor were determined based on root protrusion and normal seedling formation. The analysis of variance was performed and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis was performed and genetic divergence was estimated by the Tocher and UPGMA grouping method. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four replicates of 25 seeds. Regarding thermal extremes, the TSH-1188 genotype can be considered the most tolerant, while CEPEC-2002, the most sensitive. Both the germination process and the post-germinative process were influenced by the genotype. TSH-1188, ESFIP-02 and Ipiranga-01 presented a higher percentage of normal vigorous seedlings.
Atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos de Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-11-29) Rebello, Luciana Camizão; Silva, Marcelo Barreto da; Carvalho, Camilo Amaro de; Ramos, Maria da Penha Piccolo
The Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, popularly known as pepper tree, is in the National Medicinal Plants of the SUS’s Interest List and has great potential for growth inhibition of microorganisms, which makes this an alternative to medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz and Colletotrichum musae) and against the bacteria which causes human infection (Staphylococcus aureus), from the extracts fractions obtained from leaves and stem bark of S. terebinthifolia, to identify secondary metabolic compounds in leaves and stem bark and quantify the compounds of the flavonoids group. The extractions of leaves and stem bark were prepared by maceration using increasing polarity solvents (hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol) and ethanol solvent for the preparation of crude extract that underwent liquid-liquid cut. The phytochemical screening of crude ethanol extracts of both parties and the quantification of flavonoids were performed. The fractions were tested for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for bacteria and for mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus. The results showed that all tested microorganisms demonstrated sensitivity to the compounds found in the extracts of S. terebinthifolia regardless the type of extraction, and that the flavonoids are found in greater amounts in the leaves (52,93 µg.mL-1) than in the stem bark (9.58 µg.mL-1), possibly, together with tannins, they do the inhibitory activity of fungi and bacteria. Therefore, extracts of bark stem and leaves of the pepper tree may be a good way for controlling the growth of these pathogen and they can act as an herbal medicine with antibiotic effect as well as being a possible agent to control the diseases in papaya and banana plants.
Atributos do solo e nutrientes em folhas de café conilon no tabuleiro costeiro do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-03-21) Pires, Ivne Franco; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Fontana, Ademir; Paye, Henrique de Sá; Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes
Coffee cultivation is one of the activities of great profitability in Espírito Santo and with extensive occupation of the Coastal Tablelands, whose geomorphological unit includes soils with low levels of nutrients and cohesive subsurface horizons. In view of the above, the objective of this work was to provide a diagnosis of the physical and chemical attributes of the soil and nutritional status of the leaves of the Conilon coffee tree in Oxisols and Yellow Argisols in Coastal Trap environments of the northern region of Espírito Santo, relating the methods of soil and leaf analysis with non-destructive techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The samples were collected in the municipalities of São Mateus, Jaguaré, Boa Esperança, Pinheiros, Conceição da Barra and Montanha. Soil physical analyzes were performed to determine the grain size composition, soil density, particle density and total porosity. In the soil chemical analyzes the active acidity (Al3+), Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ , potential acidity (H+Al), SB, V, CTC, pH in water, Mehlich-1 phosphorus, organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen and micronutrients (Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+). Macronutrients and micronutrients were determined on leaves. The soil fertility and leaf nutrition were diagnosed, identifying the deficit elements, comparing them with reference coffee crops in studies conducted ix in the State of Espírito Santo. Leaf and soil chemical analyzes were also performed using a non-destructive technique based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using portable equipment, using two calibration methods from the factory: Soil and Geochem. Pearson's linear correlation and Student's t test methods were analyzed. Regarding the physical attributes of the soil, most of the crops present density of 1.43 g cm-3 and loamy-clayey texture. Regarding routine chemical analyzes, the values of OM, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al and (H+Al) were classified with low levels in the soil, excess P and other attributes at medium levels. In the leaf analyzes the N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn levels were classified as low levels in the plants, Ca presents high levels, only the Mn content is at an adequate level. There is no tendency to increase the nutrient content in the leaves with the increase of the same in the soil, indicating that there is no direct relation. When compared to reference crops, most of the soil elements, except for P, Ca and Zn, are at lower levels and all leaf elements are at lower levels, with emphasis on Fe and Mn. As for the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analyzes, the soil nutrient values found in the pXRF analysis were underestimated when compared to the certified values, all with low recovery rates. In the leaf analysis, the calibration methods presented values that were overestimated in relation to the values obtained by the routine chemical analysis, the smallest difference was for K in the "Soil" method and higher for the P in "Geochem", where Soil "Presents values closer to the traditional method. There is a statistical difference between the conventional leaf analysis method and the X-ray fluorescence methods by the 5% probability t test and the correlations between the nutrient levels in the methods used are significant, indicating the potential use of the tool.
Atributos edáficos em diferentes usos do solo no tabuleiro costeiro, Jaguaré, ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-05-24) Lopes, Emanuelle Cata Preta Nunes; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Fontana, Ademir; Gontijo, Ivoney; Furieri, Karina Schmidt
Atributos físico-hídricos do solo em lavoura de café conilon submetida à subsolagem
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-21) Souza, Joabe Martins de; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Bonomo, Robson; Oliveira, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; Vitória, Edney Leandro da
The proper preparation of the soil promotes changes in physical attributes, especially the structure and can modify the storage capacity of water, crucial in determining irrigation needs for crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil preparation for planting Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) submitted to subsoiling, physical properties and soil water. The experimental area consisted of three plots cultivated with coffee at 11, 7 and 3 years old, called T11, T7 and T3, respectively, submitted to subsoiling in the rows. For the evaluations hydrophysical soil samples were collected and undisturbed, in line (P1) and leading (P2) culture and four depths 0.00 to 0.20, 0.20-0.40, 0.40 -0.60, from 0.60 to 0.80 m. The experimental design was completely randomized design with three replications. The soil properties were evaluated soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity, besides the water retention curve, saturated hydraulic conductivity, resistance to penetration and index S. The soil density, total porosity and macroporosity showed significant differences between the sampling points for the upper soil layers with higher porosity and macropore to the point P1 and a higher density of the soil to the point P2, did not differ from other layers. The total porosity showed an inverse behavior to the specific weight of the soil and increased the microporosity and macroporosity decrease in depth. Among the areas with different ages, physical and hydraulic properties of the soil showed no significant differences, showing that improvements of subsoiling are persistent over the years in this culture condition. The penetration resistance differed between sampling points, occurring with increasing depth, no difference, however, between the plots. We observed a positive correlation between penetration resistance and bulk density and microporosity, macroporosity and negative. The saturated hydraulic conductivity differ between sampling points in the layers of 0.00-0.40 m, with no significant difference between the plots. There was a negative correlation between penetration resistance and positive correlation with microporosity and macroporosity. The determination coefficient of adjustment curves water retention in the soil was greater than 98% and tuning parameters increased with depth. Water availability presented in general higher in the coffee line, until 0.60m, showing the benefit of subsoiling water retention. The S was higher in the rows, showing high correlation with the porosity and density of the soil. Subsoiling changed the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil, providing a balance between macro and micro, increased water availability and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and greater water retention at low voltages. The S proved to be a good tool to assess soil quality under these conditions.
Atributos físicos do solo cultivado com plantas de cobertura sob dois regimes hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-28) Ramos, Raquel Cristina; Belo, Alessandra Ferreira; Bonomo, Robson; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de
Among the soil conservation practices used to improve soil quality and production, we highlight the use of plants with a cover function, which are arranged on or embedded in the soil surface, contribute to the maintenance of humidity, reduction of extremes temperature and increase of organic matter, reflecting positively on the physical attributes of soil. The objective was to evaluate the physical attributes of the soil with the use of cover crops under two water regimes for two years in order to contribute to the adoption of no-tillage system in the northern region of Espírito Santo. The work was conducted in the field, in a dystrophic Yellow Argisol, using experimental design in DBC, in subdivided plots, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with four replications. The cover plants evaluated were: four cultivars of Pennisetum glaucum (ADR 300, ADR 500, ADRf 6010 and BRS 1501), Brachiaria ruziziensis and Canavalia ensiformis; the irrigation depths were 76 mm (L1) and 38 mm (L2). (Ds), total pore volume (VTP), microporosity (Mi), macroporosity (Ma), geometric mean diameter (DMG) and weighted mean diameter (DMP); hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil (Ksat) and soil penetration resistance (RMP). In the first year of cultivation, few significant differences were observed in the attributes Ds, DMG and DMP in the 0-0,2 m layer. In general, higher soil densities were observed in the largest leaf, regardless of the cover species used. Soil density increased in the second year, but there was the effect of the cover plants on the two irrigation slides with the time reducing the PR, indicating improvement in soil quality. Cover plants interfere in the improvement of physical attributes, especially in situations of water stress. ADRf 6010 is the millet cultivation more indicated 11 as a cover plant for 76 mm blade. And B. ruziziensis was the plant with the best results for 38 mm.
Atributos físicos e químicos do solo em área sob diferentes usos na Região Norte do Estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-28) Pinto, Flávia Barreto; Bonomo, Robson; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de
Considering an increasing demand related to Brazil's agricultural production becomes a need for greater and better understanding of how to keep it sustainable, it is important to keep a good soil for future crops have a suitable environment and it has good productivity. Studies about soil physical and chemical attributes allows a good indication of the quality of a given soil. In this sense, it was evaluated in this study changes in physical and chemical properties in areas with different uses within a property located in the city of Jaguaré-ES. The areas studied were under the homogeneous planting conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) (Cc); rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis L.) (S); consortium with rubber tree and conilon coffee (SCc); consortium with rubber tree and coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) (SCo); consortium with rubber tree, black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) (SPCa); and native vegetation (MN). The experiment was carried out by sampling in five installments of 6 x 6 meters on each use system. The chemical attributes were analyzed at 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40cm depths are: soil organic matter (SOM), pH, P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, H + Al, sum of bases (SB), effective CEC (t), potencial CEC (T), base saturation (V) and Al saturation (m). The physical attributes analyzed at 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40cm depths were: texture, particle density, soil density, macro and microporosity and aggregate stability. At 15 and 30cm depths were analyzed hydraulic conductivity and 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 30-40cm penetration soil resistance. Data were subjected to variance analysis and treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. It used also Tocher grouping method based on the Mahalanobis dispersion. MN had lower penetration soil resistance and soil density and higher macroporosity compared to other areas, probably due to the higher values of soil organic matter. The areas under Cc and agroforestry system SPCa were similar when evaluated particle density, soil density, total porosity, microporosity, microporosity and sand, clay and silt percentage. The covers Cc and MN were similar when was considered the chemistry and analyzed depths. The management adopted in Cc area performed better than adopted in agroforestry viii systems in the upper layers. It worked more effectively, improving the quality of soil chemical properties. The agricultural use of the soil, even in the case of perennial crops, caused changes in soil physical properties and degraded soil organic matter when compared with original condition.
Atributos físicos e químicos do solo em sistema silvipastoril
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-27) Taufner, Gisela Azevedo; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo; Gontijo, Ivoney; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de; Pires, André Assis
Changes in physical and chemical soil attributes were assessed in a silvopastoral system over time, taken on a gradient away from the trees. The experiment was conducted from 03/2010 to 09/2012 at Embrapa South-East Cattle Research Center, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil (21° 57' 33" S; 47° 51' 06" W). The silvopastoral system was implanted in 2007 with the planting of native trees in a Brachiaria decumbens pasture in soil LVA and LV medium to evaluate the influence of the tree component in the physical and chemical soil under silvopastoral system. In about eight hectares, the trees were planted in strips spaced 17 m in pastures with electric fence protection . Sampling was made in 4 different points regarding the distances from the row of trees: 0.0m; 2 m; 4.75 m; 8.5 m; at 3 depths: 0-10 cm; 10-20 cm; 20-40 cm; with 4 and 5 replications to physical and chemical attributes respectively. From physical attributes were determined: soil density, macro and micro porosity, aggregate stability and soil resistance to penetration at 0-20 and 20-40 cm. For chemical attributes were determined pH and levels of P, K, Ca, Mg, organic matter (OM), potential acidity (H + Al), exchangeable aluminum (Al), cation exchange capacity, sulfur (S), base saturation and aluminum saturation. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean treatment were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. For the physical attributes significant differences were found for all assessed characteristics related with depth, being observed significant increase of organic matter to the system, favoring aggregation and soil structure at depth of 0-10 cm. The chemical attributes that XIV express improvement of soil fertility were higher at a depth of 0-10 cm and were not benefited by the presence of trees. There was an increase of the value from the first to the second year of assessment. Assessments are needed over time to monitor these attributes, it is expected that with the system stabilization it is possible to achieve conclusive results about the influence of afforestation in silvopastoral systems.
Atributos químicos e físicos como indicadores de qualidade do solo, em tabuleiros costeiros, no norte do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-05-25) Marinato, Fábio Altoé; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Gontijo, Ivoney; Passos, Renato Ribeiro
Modern agriculture must be based on the search for natural resources sustainability as well as optimization of soil use in order to minimize environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil cover on the physical and chemical attributes in a coastal plain area. We have studied seven ground covers: Native secondary Atlantic Forest, Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Native Grassland, Rubber plantation, Conilon Coffee Plantation, Reforestation with Native Species and Black Pepper plantation. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. As chemical indicators we have quantified active acidity, Organic Matter, Capacity of Cation Exchange, Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, potential acidity, sum of bases, base saturation and aluminum saturation. As physical indicators we have evaluated soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, pondered average diameter, geometric average diameter and particle density. They were determined in three depths: 0- 0.05m, 0.05-0.20m and 0.20-0.40m. We also measured Saturated Hidraulic Conductivity, with two depths (0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40) and two water column (0.05 and 0.10m), and Mechanical Resistance to Penetration at 0-0.20; 0.20-0.40 and 0.40- 0.60 depths, adopting seven repetitions for this analysis. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. Another analysis was also performed with Canonical Variables and x Tocher group methods. For chemical indicators, in the first layer, the coverage grouping revealed a group formed by Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation, Reforestation with Native Species, Conilon Coffee Plantation, Black Pepper Plantation and Natural Grassland, leaving the Native secondary Atlantic Forest isolated. For the second layer, we there was a formation of a group of Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Conilon Coffee plantation, Black Pepper Plantation, Natural Grassland and Native secondary Atlantic Forest, leaving Rubber Plantation and Reforestation with Native Species isolated from the others. In the third layer only one group was formed from which Reforestation with Native Species was isolated. Physical indicators showed four divisions in the first layer: A group formed by Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation and Reforestation with Native Species, other group formed by Conilon Coffee and Black Pepper Plantations, remaining in an isolated way Natural Grassland and Native secondary Atlantic Forest. In the second layer there was the grouping of Conilon Coffee and Black Pepper Plantations and another group with Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation, Reforestation with Native Species, Natural Grassland and Native secondary Atlantic Forest in. Third layer appears with four divisions: Reforestation with Eucalyptus, Rubber Plantation and Reforestation with Native Species; Native secondary Atlantic Forest and Black Pepper Plantation; and Conilon Coffe and Natural Grassland being isolated. At the end of the study we got the following conclusions: 1. There have been changes in the chemical and physical soils properties as a function of their covers. 2. First layer showed to be very sensitive to changes in terms of chemical and physical viewpoints. 3. Second layer showed chemical quality preservation in Conilon Coffee Plantation, Black Pepper Plantation, Reforestation with Eucalyptus and Natural Grassland covers. There was also physical quality preservation in Reforestation with Native Species, Rubber Plantation, Reforestation with Eucalyptus and Natural Grassland covers. 4. In the third layer Reforestation with Native Species was the only coverage that failed to preserve chemical qualities of the soil, while only Black Pepper Plantation managed to preserve physical qualities. 5. Two different classes of soil being in the study did not affected the final results with a possible grouping in soil classes.
Avaliações da maturação da videira 'red globe' pela técnica da fluorescência
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-29) Gonçalves, Lucas Caetano; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Czepak, Marcio Paulo; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; Souza, Reginaldo Teodoro de; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Zucoloto, Moises
Biofertilizantes na produção de alface
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-28) Sampaio, Biágio Sartori; Gontijo, Ivoney; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do
Among the leafy lettuce stands out among the most commonly consumed by Brazilians, so no need to seek alternatives to produce it using more sustainable technologies. Many producers who grow lettuce in organic systems already use biofertilizers with satisfactory results. However, for confirmation and understanding of its effects needs further deepening scientific. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different types of biofertilizers on yield and nutrition of lettuce Baba de Verão in organic production system. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Havana farm, Montanha city, Espírito Santo. Were implanted 02 experiments: the first, a randomized block with four replications, testing six concentrations of biofertilizer cow urine diluted in water (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%), according to experimental testing, conducted in a 2x5 factorial arrangement were tested soil inoculation with Efficient Microorganisms (EM) and different biofertilizers foliar applied. Upon reaching the commercial harvest, evaluated the diameter of the shoot (DPA), number of leaves per plant (NF), the fresh matter (MFPA), fresh and dry matter of leaves (MFF and MSF) and nutrient concentration in the leaves. In experiment 01, the levels of cow urine and significant quadratic effect for the characteristics of the shoot diameter, number of leaves per plant, fresh weight of shoot fresh and dry weights of leaves and leaf N content. The nutrient content were within the range considered adequate for lettuce, with the exception of the elements P, Ca, S, Fe and Cu. It is recommended that the concentration of 11.36% of biofertilizer cow urine to an estimated maximum yield per plant in 218.05 g of commercial lettuce, corresponding to yield of 34.9 t. ha-1. Already in experiment 02, the highest average for FMAP, 175.92 g. per plant, which corresponds to an estimated yield of 28.14 t. ha-1. Regarding nutritional status, there was no positive effect of applying biofertilizers for the K and Ca compared to standard, however the levels of Cu were better in the interaction between standard and soil inoculation.
Caracterização da pulverização hidropneumática em cafeeiro conilon
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-22) Rodrigues, Joice Paraguassú; Vitória, Edney Leandro da; Alvarenga, Cleyton Batista de; Bonomo, Robson
In Brazil coffee production is an important agricultural activity, with the state of Espírito Santo being the largest national producer of Café Conilon. One of the great challenges faced by coffee growers is the susceptibility of plants to various pests and diseases, which is why it presents several challenges for the technology of application of phytosanitary products. The objective of this work was to study the deposition of the conilon coffee, the endoderiva and the potential of drift provided by the spray with eight volumes of syrup (four volumes with electrostatic assistance and four volumes without electrostatic assistance) with hydropneumatic spray. The work was conducted in a private property in ES-Mountain, in the coffee field of Conilon, in September 2016. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design with eight treatments and four replications. Brilliant Blue tracer was added to the syringe at the dose of 2 g L-1. Leaves were collected from the upper and lower thirds of the plants, as well as petri dishes placed in the soil under the canopy of the same and contact paper labels located above the canopy, from which the tracer contained in the samples was removed by absorption spectrophotometry light. The four volumes of syrup used in the hydropneumatic sprayer without electrostatic spraying (498, 609, 700 and 782 L ha-1 ), when compared to the four volumes with electrostatic assistance (234, 255, 273 and 290 L ha-1 ) presented higher values In all parameters evaluated, according to Scott Knott's averages group. The average of the drift to the soil also of the applied volumes without electrostatic assistance was nine times greater when compared to the average of the others.
Caracterização microclimática em lavoura de café conilon em diferentes alinhamentos : norte-sul e leste-oeste
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-28) Bis, Ana Paula Pereira; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Rodrigues, Weverton Pereira
Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the global market, because it is a drink consumed by at least half the world's population. However, this significant economic contribution made by coffee production may be affected if problems arising from global climate change are not studied. In this context, the first chapter "Microclimatic characterization of conilon coffee cultivated in the north-south alignment" aims to evaluate the climatic variables in order to quantify them and to point out possible effects on a north-south aligned crop. The experiment was carried out in four dates from December 2016 to September 2017. The variables irradiance, air temperature and vapor pressure deficit were quantified on the side of the plant facing east and west. Thermal images were obtained using an infrared camera to determine the coffee. There was no significant difference between the two sides for the evaluated factors that characterize the plant growth. The west side of the plant had higher values of irradiance, temperature and vapor pressure deficit in the afternoon, reaching an average difference of 5°C between the two sides at approximately 16 hours. Leaf temperature had similar behavior to air temperature, reaching an average difference of approximately 12°C between the two sides at 14 and 16 hours. The second chapter aimed to evaluate the influence of the east-west plantation alignment on the microclimatic aspects and plant growth in order to quantify the variables and to point out their possible effects on the coffee crop. Data collection was carried out in a full-fledged conilon coffee crop (Coffea canephora) at 2 years and 6 months of age at the beginning of the experiment, with a spacing of 3,0m x 1,0m, with a height of approximately 1,6 m. The experiment was carried out in four dates from December 2016 to September 2017. The variables irradiance, air temperature and vapor pressure deficit were quantified on the plant side facing north and south by means of external data loggers. Thermal images were obtained using an infrared camera to determine the coffee leaf temperature on both sides of the plant. The growth of the plant and leaf concentration on the sides of the plant facing ix north and south were evaluated. The northern side of the plant presented higher values of irradiance, temperature and vapor pressure deficit, reaching a difference of 4 °C between the two sides. The leaf temperature had a similar behavior to the air temperature, reaching a difference of approximately 11 °C between the two sides at noon. There was no significant difference between the two sides for the evaluated factors that characterize the plant growth.
Caracterização morfométrica e mapeamento do uso do solo da Bacia do Rio Cricaré
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-31) Souza, Marcelo Araújo de; Facco, Alexandro Gomes; Vitoria, Edney Leandro da; Elesbon, Abrahão Alexandre Alden
The river Cricaré part of the river basin Matthew, one of the most important agricultural regions of the state of Espirito Santo. In this basin are the cities with the largest Brazilian production conilon coffee, pepper, papaya, macadamia nuts, eucalyptus, as well as livestock. However, its hydrological dynamics has been affected by human activities, causing many damages such as erosion, siltation and flooding. Thus, it is necessary studies and research that can assist in the analysis of the use and land cover dynamics, especially the geotechnology. Given the above, this study aimed to the morphometric characterization and mapping of land use in the Basin Cricaré River using GIS and remote sensing techniques in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For that was generated initially the Digital Elevation Model hydrologically consistent (MDEHC) from TOPODATA project, available at INPE website in resolution 30 x 30m, and vectored hydrography. Subsequently they were obtained for the main physiographic study of the hydrological behavior of the basin. The relief is predominantly wavy and the average altitude is 348.73 m. The drainage area of 4538.02 square kilometers was found and the perimeter 615.58 kilometers. 3021 springs and 6268.67 km of water courses were identified. The Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) were defined from the viewpoint of environmental legislation, which represent 9.64% of the basin. The main form of land use in the basin is cattle ranching, with 55.92%. The preserved area with native Atlantic Forest is 19.02%.
Caracterização química e física de vinhos de mesa do norte do Espírito Santo e diferente regiões do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-31) Costa, Amanda; Czepak, Márcio Paulo; Souza, Reginaldo Teodoro; Oliveira, Maysa do Vale
The Brazilian viticulture was consolidated in the mid-nineteenth century, with the introduction of american grape cultivar Isabel (Vitis labrusca) by Italian immigrants, replacing the vineyards of European grapes (Vitis vinifera). As one of the main raw materials for the preparation of table wine in Brazil, cultivating Isabel is better adapted to environmental conditions and a high production capacity and low susceptibility to major fungal diseases that attack the vine. Wines made from grapes of the species Vitis labrusca have the preference of many Brazilian consumers, so viticulture is expanding throughout the country giving the characteristics of each region for the wine made it. So the aim of this study is to characterize wines produced with Isabel grape produced in different regions. In the first experiment were evaluated wines produced in the north of the Espírito Santo state with Isabel cultivars, Bordô, and Blend (Isabel + Bordô). In the second experiment it was characterized wines produced with Isabel cultivating four states (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Pernambuco), and two seasons (2014 - 2015). The treatments of both experiments were composed of three replicates each, and the variables analyzed were alcohol content (°GL), total acidity and volatile (g.L-1 ), dry extract (g.L-1 ), SO2 free and total index color, tone (420nm + 520nm), polyphenols, anthocyanins (mg.L-1 ), phenolic compounds (mg.L-1 ), and organic acids. It was observed that the significant differences between the states, and in the second experiment the state of Minas Gerais stood out. In the first experiment to cultivate Bordô presented better values in relation to Isabel.
Comportamento morfofisiológico de mudas de café conilon propagadas por estaquia e enxertia
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-04-26) Andrade Júnior, Saul de; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Mauri, Aldo Luiz
Its objective is to evaluate the seedlings growth disseminated by grafting and cutting and to characterize gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence a in conilon coffee. The experiment was conducted at the seedling production vivarium of Incaper‟s Experimental Farm in Marilândia city in Espírito Santo. In the grafting, seedlings from seminiferous propagation of Coffea canephora species, „Robusta Tropical 8151‟ were used as rootstocks, and as graft, six clones Conilon „Vitória Incaper 8142‟. The cutting was done with six clones used in the grafting. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with twelve treatments and five repetitions composed by twelve seedlings. After 130 days the grafting read the variables of gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence a after 150 days means of variables were evaluated and they were compared by Scheffé test with a probability of 5%. The grafted seedlings were superior in all growth characteristics. Significant differences weren‟t detected to gas exchanges in none of the cutting and grafting contrasts and the same hasn‟t occurred to chlorophyll fluorescence a parameters and when the study considered the maturation stage the materials showed no differences among them.
Crescimento vegetativo e acúmulo de nutrientes em Coffea canephora na Amazônia Ocidental
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-24) Dubberstein, Danielly; Dias, Jairo Rafael Machado; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Espíndula, Marcelo Curitiba
The objective was to evaluate the vegetative growth of branches, the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in fruits and coffee leaves under different managements of fertilizer in South Western Amazon. The experiment was conducted in Rolim de Moura municipality, Rondônia, in crops propagated by cuttings 2.5 years old. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split plot scheme in time, with three replications. The main plot consisted of two fertilization managements (absence and presence) and the plots of the evaluation time (measurement of branches and fruit collections and leaves). Branch growth differed depending on fertilization management, and in the period from early October to early December branches of plants that were fertilized expressed growth rates higher than branches of plants not fertilized. There were seasonal changes in growth throughout the year, the highest growth rates occur from mid-September to early April, characterized time of rainy season in the region. The mineral fertilization influences the concentration in the fruit on the sheet and accumulation in fruit for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc. The concentration for most of the nutrients in the fruit are larger at the start of training. And proportionately lower from the development of the fruit, except for potassium that behaves differently, keeping high content of fruit in all stages of development. Since the leaves, low concentrations occur at the beginning of fruit formation and then tends to increase. Most of the accumulation of nutrients in fruits occurs in the expansion stages of grain formation and maturation, suggesting a higher nutritional demand during this period.
Crescimento vegetativo e acúmulo de nutrientes em frutos de cafeeiro conilon irrigado e não irrigado, na região atlântica da Bahia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-25) Covre, André Monzoli; Bonomo, Robson; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Gontijo, Ivoney; Araújo, João Batista Silva
Understanding the seasonal variations of the vegetative growth and the dynamics of formation of Conilon coffee fruits in non-irrigated crops and especially in irrigated conditions, relating them to the climatic conditions, it is an important tool, with direct implications for the management of the crop. The objective was to evaluate the vegetative growth of orthotropic and reproductive branches, the dry matter accumulation in fruits, leaves and branches of production, the concentration of nutrients in fruits and leaves, and the accumulation of nutrients in fruits of irrigated and non-irrigated coffee Conilon plants. The experiment was conducted for two years in the municipality of Itabela, Atlantic region of State Bahia, Brazil. Three-year-old Conilon coffee plants of the genotype 02 were used. A completely randomised splitplot experimental design was employed, with 14 replicates. The treatments consisted of irrigation and no irrigation of coffee plants in the plots, and subplots of different evaluation times (measurement of branches and fruit collecting and leaves). The growth rate of orthotropic and reproductive branches pending charge is higher in irrigated plants compared to non-irrigated. The maximum growth rates occur in the spring and minimum during graining and, or, during periods of drought, high temperature and low relative humidity. The growth rate of C. canephora branches is not limited by the average minimum air temperature. The dry matter accumulation curves and nutrients in irrigated Conilon coffee fruits and without irrigation were similar, adjusting to the sigmoidal model. The accumulation of dry matter in the fruit is higher in irrigated plants compared to non-irrigated. Nitrogen, potassium, calcium, iron and boron were the most nutrients found in fruits and Conilon coffee leaves in Bahia Atlantic region.
Cultivo do abacaxizeiro cv. Vitória em função de épocas de plantio e indução floral
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-08-24) Küster, Ivanildo Schmith; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Arantes, Sara Dousseau; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Schmildt, Omar; Posse, Sheila Cristina Prucoli
The Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill popularly known as pineapple, belongs to the Bromeliad family, it is widely consumed in Brazil and worldwide. The consumer market is increasingly demanding for quality products, therefore, due to increased production, producers should seek to raise the standard of quality for potentiating their marketing. The pineapple culture faces some problems in Brazil, one of them concerns fusarium, the principal pathogen is Fusarium guttiforme. Resistant varieties such as cv. Vitória, has become a solution. The natural flowering is another problem that must be avoided as it could result in serious losses for producers. Research worldwide is being made to improve fruit quality. In this context, they have developed two works: the first aimed to evaluate the quality of fruits of pineapple cv. Vitória in planting dates function and floral induction in the north of the Espírito Santo. The second, aimed to study the phenotypic correlation between "D" Leaf characteristics, physical and chemical fruit of pineapple cv. Vitória. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in split plot, with four replications. In the main plot, they were tested different planting dates, corresponding to july 15 and september 01, 2013. The subplots were tested different times of flower induction, corresponding to ages 8, 10, 12 months and natural. Each subplot consisted of 60 plants, being evaluated 30 working plants in the center of the plot. The variables analyzed were: length, width, leaf area, diameter, circumference, fresh weight of the fruit with crown and the crown, central cylinder diameter, pulp thickness, pulp yield, pulp volume, translucent area, soluble solids, acidity titratable, ratio, duration in days from planting to first harvest, artificial induction of commencement of cropping, harvesting, thermal time (ST) in days from planting to artificial induction ST in days of induction at the beginning of the harvest and ST in days from planting to first harvest. Considering all variables, planting in July with induction at eight months is the most suitable for the production of pineapple cv. Vitória in the north of the Espírito Santo. Length and width of the sheet "D" can be used as physical quality indicators of fruits of pineapple cv. Vitória, but it should not be done about the chemical quality. The acidity of the fruits of pineapple cv. Vitória tend to be less with increasing weight of the fruit. The weight of the fruit is not influenced by the weight of the crown, so marketing the fruit in natura can be done without prejudice to the final consumer.
Cultivo hidropônico de alface e rúcula com diferentes concentrações de ferro visando a biofortificação
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-07-30) Laurett, Luciene; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; Caliman, Fabiano Ricardo Brunele; Vitória, Edney Leandro da; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do
Lettuce and arugula are commonly consumed in the form of salad, supplying the body with vitamins and minerals. Iron is one of these important minerals for human health and its deficiency causes anemia. Anemia due to iron deficiency is on a nutritional deficiency of great magnitude, considered a public health problem both in developing countries as in developed countries. The objective of the research was to determine biofortification with iron and the effect on the biometric and physiological characteristics of lettuce and arugula in hydroponic cultures. Two experiments, one for each culture were installed. The experimental design was a randomized block, with five treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of increasing concentrations of Fe 45 (control), 90; 135; 180; 225 μmol.L-1 . At 27 and 30 days after transplanting to rocket and lettuce, respectively, the shoot fresh weight, number of leaves, leaf area, root fresh weight, root volume, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, nutrient concentration, chlorophyll content and fluorescence were evaluated. The production of the shoot fresh matter of lettuce and arugula decreased significantly with increasing iron concentration, decreases were observed in 97,63 and 68,18%, respectively. The Fe content in tissues was significant only for the arugula root system, but it was observed a greater increase of the iron concentration in the root system of both cultures compared to the shoot concentration. For the arugula root system was observed 68,22 times increase in Fe content compared to the shoot concentration. The lettuce chlorophyll a content was significant difference in the highest concentration of iron. The analysis of fluorescence of chlorophyll a held to 14 and 27 DAT in lettuce and arugula, respectively, showed no significant difference between treatments. The chlorophyll a index, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in arugula, showed no significant difference. For lettuce production Vitoria de Santo Antao and Rococo arugula hydroponically recommends the use of the concentration of 45 μmol.L-1 of Fe.

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