Agricultura Tropical

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17346

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical

Centro: CEUNES
Telefone: (27) 3312 1701
URL do programa: http://agriculturatropical.ufes.br

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Alterações fisiológicas em cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) cv. Catongo cultivado sob condições de hipóxia na presença de silício
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-24) Marques, Helder Ivo Pandolfi; Aguilar, Marco Antonio Galeas; Oliveira, Marcos Goes; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira
The cocoa is grown throughout the tropical region of the world and its almond is the main ingredient of chocolate. Some cultivation sites tend to suffer from flooding during a period of the year. The low availability of oxygen caused by flooding, induces changes in physiological and morphological processes, modifying the development and growth of plants. Aeration of the nutrient solution is necessary to provide oxygen to the roots of plants grown hydroponically. Silicon is beneficial for several crops, especially when subjected to some kind of stress, can help alleviate the damage caused by flooding. In the literature, there is no report of cocoa cultivation with omission and silicon level, mainly because the presence of this element in all soil types. Based on this prerogative, an experiment was conducted with cocoa seedlings cv. Catongo. The experiment was conducted in CEUNES greenhouse, located in the municipality of São Mateus-ES, in a completely randomized design with four repetitions being one plant on each repetition in the first and second evaluation time and the third used two plants per replicate. The treatments were arranged in a 2x3x5 factorial arrangement, being with and without aeration of the nutrient solution, the three sampling times and five silicon levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mmol L-1 ). The evaluations were divided into two chapters, the first objective was to evaluate the growth variables, foliar silicon content and x photosynthetic pigments content. The second chapter, gathered the character fluorescence of chlorophyll a and gas exchange. Based on the results, were observed influence of lack of aeration leaves concentration of silicon, degradation of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. It can be seen the isolated effect of silicon on some physiological parameters of plants not subjected to stress, as well as in plants submitted in this case relieves stress caused by lack of aeration.
Comportamento morfofisiológico de mudas de café conilon propagadas por estaquia e enxertia
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-04-26) Andrade Júnior, Saul de; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Mauri, Aldo Luiz
Its objective is to evaluate the seedlings growth disseminated by grafting and cutting and to characterize gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence a in conilon coffee. The experiment was conducted at the seedling production vivarium of Incaper‟s Experimental Farm in Marilândia city in Espírito Santo. In the grafting, seedlings from seminiferous propagation of Coffea canephora species, „Robusta Tropical 8151‟ were used as rootstocks, and as graft, six clones Conilon „Vitória Incaper 8142‟. The cutting was done with six clones used in the grafting. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with twelve treatments and five repetitions composed by twelve seedlings. After 130 days the grafting read the variables of gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence a after 150 days means of variables were evaluated and they were compared by Scheffé test with a probability of 5%. The grafted seedlings were superior in all growth characteristics. Significant differences weren‟t detected to gas exchanges in none of the cutting and grafting contrasts and the same hasn‟t occurred to chlorophyll fluorescence a parameters and when the study considered the maturation stage the materials showed no differences among them.
Cultivo do abacaxizeiro cv. Vitória em função de épocas de plantio e indução floral
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-08-24) Küster, Ivanildo Schmith; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Arantes, Sara Dousseau; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Schmildt, Omar; Posse, Sheila Cristina Prucoli
The Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill popularly known as pineapple, belongs to the Bromeliad family, it is widely consumed in Brazil and worldwide. The consumer market is increasingly demanding for quality products, therefore, due to increased production, producers should seek to raise the standard of quality for potentiating their marketing. The pineapple culture faces some problems in Brazil, one of them concerns fusarium, the principal pathogen is Fusarium guttiforme. Resistant varieties such as cv. Vitória, has become a solution. The natural flowering is another problem that must be avoided as it could result in serious losses for producers. Research worldwide is being made to improve fruit quality. In this context, they have developed two works: the first aimed to evaluate the quality of fruits of pineapple cv. Vitória in planting dates function and floral induction in the north of the Espírito Santo. The second, aimed to study the phenotypic correlation between "D" Leaf characteristics, physical and chemical fruit of pineapple cv. Vitória. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in split plot, with four replications. In the main plot, they were tested different planting dates, corresponding to july 15 and september 01, 2013. The subplots were tested different times of flower induction, corresponding to ages 8, 10, 12 months and natural. Each subplot consisted of 60 plants, being evaluated 30 working plants in the center of the plot. The variables analyzed were: length, width, leaf area, diameter, circumference, fresh weight of the fruit with crown and the crown, central cylinder diameter, pulp thickness, pulp yield, pulp volume, translucent area, soluble solids, acidity titratable, ratio, duration in days from planting to first harvest, artificial induction of commencement of cropping, harvesting, thermal time (ST) in days from planting to artificial induction ST in days of induction at the beginning of the harvest and ST in days from planting to first harvest. Considering all variables, planting in July with induction at eight months is the most suitable for the production of pineapple cv. Vitória in the north of the Espírito Santo. Length and width of the sheet "D" can be used as physical quality indicators of fruits of pineapple cv. Vitória, but it should not be done about the chemical quality. The acidity of the fruits of pineapple cv. Vitória tend to be less with increasing weight of the fruit. The weight of the fruit is not influenced by the weight of the crown, so marketing the fruit in natura can be done without prejudice to the final consumer.
Diagnóstico da produção de mudas em viveiros registrados e propagação vegetativa da pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) no Norte do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-26) Freire, Robson Rangel; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Lopes, José Carlos; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro
The cultivation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) for commercial purposes, in the State of Espírito Santo, began in the 70s, being the cv. Bragantina currently the most representative among crops in this State. The urge to keep its status in the cultivation of this specific kind of spice demands, urgently, further studies and therefore, thorough research using appropriate technologies for the region. In this sense the quality of mother plants begins with the production of seedlings of excellence. Despite the experience of the greenhouse workers in the region to produce nursery plants by cuttings, the steps in this process should be thoroughly inspected to ensure maximum efficiency. The study aimed to investigate the system of production of black pepper cuttings, including the efficiency of substrates used in the nurseries. It was requested to the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) the location of nurseries in accordance with applicable law and based on the information provided technical visits were made to 11 nurseries, recorded through a questionnaire. Samples of the substrates used in the production of seedlings were collected. The responses from the questionnaires were tabulated and converted into graphs of relative frequency for better contextualization of the situation, and the substrates were used to assemble a factorial experiment 11 (substrates) x 2 (presence or absence of 3-butyric acid (IBA)) aiming to evaluate the rooting of black pepper grow Bragantina conducted in randomized block design with four replications of 16 cuttings in a greenhouse located in the Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, in São Mateus-ES. It was found that there is no uniformity in seedling production, in the nurseries infrastructure nor the techniques used. The differences are related to the origin of the parental plants, plant propagation, and management for seedling growth, ensuring, through analysis, the difference in chemical composition, physical and biological substrates of, mainly influenced by the diversity of the source of organic matter and the use or not of lime and fertilizers. It was concluded that, despite all the nurseries are registered at the Registro Nacional de Sementes e Mudas (RENASEM) and comply with the legal requirements in force, we still need to research and study the differences so that the production of black pepper cuttings can exceed its excellence in results. The quality of the rooting of black pepper on the substrates used by nurserymen, was statistically analyzed by multiple comparisons (Tukey or Scott-Knott in 5% level of probability), and it was found significant increase in the percentage of rooting with the use of IBA and also a reasonable difference in the quality of the rooting between substrates.
Diversidade e vigor rizogênico de genótipos de Passiflora mucronata Lam. e enxertias entre Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. e Passiflora mucronata Lam.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-28) França, Juliany Morosini; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Schmildt, Omar; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Oliveira, João Paulo Bestete de
The genus Passiflora has high genetic diversity, yet the commercial plantations are restricted to two species, which has featured a low resistance to major diseases of passion fruit.In this context aimed to analyze the effect rhizogenic and gas exchange in the genetic diversity of Passiflora mucronata Lam. treated or not with auxin, assess the number of apical segments in commercial crops of Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg. and test two methods of grafting between P. edulis f. flavicarpa and P. mucronata through the use of fasteners. Among the wild species Passiflora mucronata has agronomic characteristics relevant to the production clonal, the resistance to bacterial blight on leaves, anthracnose in fruits and branches and fusarium. In this scenario we developed two experiments: the first one is the assessment of diversity and rhizogenic force of P. mucronata genotypes treated or not with auxin.The design was randomized blocks in a factorial 9x2 [genotype 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8 and 9 x auxin (IBA - indole-3-butyric acid): absence and presence (1000 mg kg-1 )] with four replicates of 16 poles. The root characteristics evaluated were emergency; emergency speed index, average time of emergency, root dry weight, nevertheless evaluated dry mass of shoots, net photosynthesis, stomatal xii conductance, internal carbon, sweating. The second objective was to evaluate grafting between P. edulis f. flavicarpa and P. mucronata. The experimental design was a randomized block, 3x2 factorial [grafting mode: grafting and encostia x fasteners: parafilme® micropore® and thread sealing® ], with four replicates of twelve grafts. The characteristics evaluated were the number of apical segments in commercial fields and percentage of fruit set. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages of the different types of cuttings were compared by Tukey test and phenotypic correlation. Genetic diversity has been studied according to the Tocher grouping method based on the Mahalanobis distance (D2ii') and canonical variables. Considering the variables analyzed, indicated the use of acid-indole-3- butyric acid, the stakes in concentration de1000 mg kg-1 . Due to increased rhizogenic force percentage, net photosynthetic rate, root and shoot dry weight in some genotypes when compared to the absence of auxin. Genetic diversity has allowed the formation of three groups. The morphological and physiological variables of contribution to the genetic divergence in the absence and presence of IBA, were, in the absence, IVER (38.75) and (20.27%) and MSRA (15.87 g) and in the presence, gs (23.19 mol m-2 s -1 ), SARM (20.91 g) and DMAP (19.66 g). Commercial crops of P. edulis f. flavicarpa can contribute significantly in minigarfagem, by producing apical segments, without prejudice to the mother plant. The treatments represented by grafting methods (minigarfagem and encostia) and fasteners (parafilme® , micropore® and thread sealing® ) showed an average of 94.90%, indicating huge compatibility between independent species studied the grafting method and fasteners in the union P. edulis f. flavicarpa x P. mucronata. It is indicated the parafilm® fastener for convenience and ease of handling, recommended to the two grafting methods.
Embriogênese somática do mamoeiro hermafrodita UENF/Caliman 01
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-28) Gouvea, Drielly Stephania; Otoni, Wagner Campos; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Schmildt, Omar; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Oliveira, João Paulo Bestete de
The Somatic embryogenesis is the process of development of embryos from somatic cells. The objective of this work to analyze the growth regulators efficiency in different stages of indirect somatic embryogenesis from in vitro plants of hermaphrodite papaya hybrid UENF / Caliman 01. Leaf discs of these shoots were inoculated in induction (MI): MS basal medium (Murashige, Skoog, 1962) with a total concentration of salts and supplemented with auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (6; 9; 12; 15:18 µM) and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) (19; 22; 25; 28 and 31 µM). The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five repetitions, five explants per repetition. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and means were compared by Skott-Knott test at the 5% level of significance. During 90 days of induction, visualized training some somatic embryos formed in friable callus. The concentrations of 2,4-D auxin were inhibitory, occurring only the formation of light-brown callus colored, which were lower than 20% results in the formation of somatic embryos, whereas supplementation with 4-CPA resulted in 96% embryogenic callus for the concentration of 25 µM. The embryogenic calli were transferred to the maturation medium (MM): MS without growth regulators; ABA - abiscísico acid (0,5 µM); ABA (0,5 µM) + CA - activated charcoal (15 g L-1 ); ABA (0,5 xi µM) + CA (30 g L-1 ); ABA (0,5 µM) + PEG - polyethylene glycol (60 g L-1 ) for 30 days. Significant differences were observed among the tested maturation media, a positive reaction to the amount of developed embryos and the effect of each treatment. The maturation medium consisting of 0,5 µM ABA CA + 30 g L-1 was the most efficient in the development of cotyledonary somatic embryos. These mature cotyledon embryos were inoculated in germination (MG): MS without growth regulators; GA3 (0,5 mg L-1 ); GA3 (1,0 mg L-1 ) and GA3 (1,5 mg L-1 ).
Embriogênese somática em mamoeiro seleção THB
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-25) Detoni, Jamile Lenhaus; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Lopes, José Carlos; Otoni, Wagner Campos; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Aquije, Glória Maria de Farias Viégas
This work aimed to assess the somatic embryogenesis in juvenile explants from the papaya tree selection THB. Apex stems and cotyledonary leaves inoculated by induction medium (IM): MS salts, sucrose (30 g L-1), myo-inositol (100 mg L-1), Phytagel® (2.8 g L-1) and concentrations of 2,4-D (6; 9; 12; 15 and 18 µM) or 4-CPA (19; 22; 25; 28 and 31 µM). After 50 days, the embryogenic calluses were transferred to the maturation medium (MM): MS without growth regulator; ABA (0.5 µM); ABA (0.5 µM) + CA (15 g L-1 ); ABA (0.5 µM) + CA (30 g L-1 ); ABA (0.5 µM) + PEG (60 g L1 ) for 30 days. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the averages compared by the Tukey test in level of 5% and analysis of regression. In IM, for both auxins, the responses were superior than when cotyledonary leaves were used, except the callogenesis. For the somatic embryo types, embryos in premature phase prevailed in both auxins, like globular and heart-shaped ones. For the 2,4-D, it was not possible to establish a great concentration for the response, but with the 4-CPA all the variables had their maximum level close to 25 µM. In this concentration, it was possible to obtain 91.67% of embryogenic calluses in cotyledonary leaves. For histological analysis of cotyledonary leaves, it was possible to identify the somatic embryos formation from parenchyme cells, prevailing the indirect form, but not synchronized. The occurrence of secondary somatic embryogenesis and the formation of abnormal embryos were also identified. For the maturation process, in the composition of the medium in which was detected a larger occurrence of somatic embryos (70 ES calo-1 ), as well as a lower percentage of geminated ES (4%), there was ABA (0.5 µM) + CA (15 g L-1 ). Therefore, for the somatic embryogenesis of the papaya tree selection THB, it is recommended the induction of cotyledonary leaves in 4-CPA (25 µM), being the maturation in an medium with ABA (0.5 µM) + CA (15 g L-1 ).
Frações orgânicas e mineral na produção de mudas de mamoeiro CV. THB
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-16) Paixão, Marcus Vinicius Sandoval; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Matiello, Hediberto Nei; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Schmildt, Omar; Cattaneo, Laércio Francisco
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chicken manure associated with superphosphate fertilizer in the production of papaya cv THB. The experiment was conducted in a nursery farm in Linhares-ES, in a randomized block design, factorial scheme with additional control, with four replications, with trays distributed in tubes with a capacity of 50 cm3 containing substrado Bioplant ®. The factors were chicken manure and superphosphate levels: five levels of chicken manure (0, 10, 20, 30, 40% v / vt) x five levels of superphosphate (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 Kg m-3) with an additional control, the standard mixture used in the region with the fertilizer Basacote ® at a dose of 10 kg m-3. Was evaluated the percentage of emergence (PE), the emergence speed index (ESI), the mean emergence time (MET), the rate of chlorophyll content, height of seedlings, stem diameter, leaf number, root length, dry mass of roots and shoots. It was found that alternative treatments have improved only the ESI did not affect EP, and for the other variables are presented below the standard. Thus, it is not recommended the use of chicken manure in the production of seedlings of papaya cv. THB. Also not recommended the addition of superphosphate to the standard substrate.
Maturação e germinação de embriões somáticos do mamoeiro 'Golden THB'
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-02-20) Chagas, Kristhiano; Lopes, José Carlos; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Otoni, Wagner Campos; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Schmildt, Omar
This work aimed to evaluate the maturation and germination of somatic embryos of papaya 'Golden THB'. To obtain the somatic embryos, cotyledons of seedlings of papaya obtained from in vitro germination in MS basal medium, were inoculated into induction medium containing MS salts; myo-inositol (0.55 mM), sucrose (87.5 mM), agar Vetec ® (8 g L-1) supplemented with 4 -CPA (p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) (25 mM). After 50 days, the calli were transferred to maturation medium: Experiment 1 (MM1) consisting of MS medium, ABA (0.5 mM, CA (15 g L-1) and the treatments supplemented with different concentrations of PEG 6000 (0, 40, 50, 60 and 70 g L-1) for 45 days; Experiment 2 (MM2), consisting of MS medium, ABA (0.5 mM), CA (15 g L -1) and the supplemented treatments different concentrations of malt extract (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g L-1). During 45 days the treatments consisted of four replicates of three Petri dishes of 100 mm × 20 mm, containing four calli. The normal cotyledonary embryos generated in MM2 supplemented with ABA (0.5 mM), CA (15 g -1) and malt extract (0.2 g L-1) were transferred to the germination medium (GM) L formed by the total concentration of medium MS salts, sucrose (87.5 mM), myo- inositol (0.0, 0.275, 0.550 and 0.825 mM) and agar Vetec ® (8 g L-1). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means studied by regression analysis. Treatment with PEG were lower and harmed the process of formation of embryos and their use at a concentration of 70 g L-1 reduces by 31.85% of the total production and normal somatic embryos of papaya 'Golden THB'. So for somatic embryogenesis of papaya 'Goden THB' not recommended in the maturation medium containing PEG 6000. Adding malt extract (0.17 g L-1) in the maturation medium potentiated the embryonic development of papaya 'Golden THB', 45.40 ES callus-1. Identify the occurrence of secondary somatic embryogenesis and the formation of abnormal somatic embryos. The supplementation of myo-inositol (0.45 mM) in MS medium yielded significant gains in the percentage of germination of somatic embryos and conversion into plantlets papaya 'Golden THB'.
Melhoramento genético do mamoeiro : novos híbridos para o Norte do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-02-21) Nascimento, Adriel Lima; Cattaneo, Laercio Francisco; Schmildt, Omar; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Schmildt, Edilson Romais
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the most important and widely distributed crops in tropical and subtropical countries. The problems affecting the cultivation of papaya involve the low number of commercially explored varieties and hybrids, that meet the requirements of national and international markets. An alternative and viable solution to these problems is to use the expansion of the genetic basis of papaya through improvement programs using hybridizations. In this context, three Works were developed: the first and the second aimed to evaluate the behavior of 11 and 10 new hybrids obtained in Caliman Agrícola S.A. as for the plant morphological characteristics and fruit biometric; the third work proceeded to sensory and physicochemical evaluation of fruit as well as the linear correlation in 23 cultivars. The results obtained with the variance analysis and subsequent average test of all characteristics evaluated showed significant differences among the cultivars. Based on the results, it was detected the presence of hybrid with plant morphological characteristics, productive aspects and interesting fruit quality, suggesting that they are assessed to other agronomically important characteristics for future commercial launches. The acceptance of the cultivars by the consumer can basically be performed from the ratings on the content of total soluble solids, since it is a method xi that is more practical, cheap and efficient than the evaluation by hedonic scale and it presents high positive correlation with the hedonic scale method.
Minienxertia de Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. em porta-enxertos clonais de Passiflora mucronata Lam. : aspectos morfo-histológicos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-09-02) Oliari, Layane Segantini; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Aoyama, Elisa Mitsuko; Schmildt, Omar
Brazil is the largest producer of passion fruit, with 838,244 tonnes achieved in 2013 in an area of 57,277 hectares (IBGE, 2013), and the yellow passionflower (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) the most cultivated. However this species is affected by the ground fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae causing the total withering of the plants. Among the alternatives to be sought, there is the use of wild species, resistant to certain diseases, such as rootstock. In this sense, P. mucronata species becomes an option as the rootstock yellow passionflower to be resistant to the fungus causing this disease. This study aimed to evaluate histological aspects of grafting region and morphological of grafted seedlings of apexes of shoots of P. edulis f. flavicarpa on P. mucronata using the mini-grafting technique proposed by Alexandre et al. (2013), by grafting mode on top in full and simple english. The characteristics evaluated were: attachment (%), diameter of the graft (GD), diameter of the rootstock (RD), callus formation, starch into the tissue of the graft and rootstock and the influence of fastening material and emerged side shoots of the rootstock, 21 days after mini-grafting. Also anatomy grafting slit 60 days after implementation of mini-grafting was observed. It was found that the Parafilm® tape provides greater percentage of attachment, in the presence of starch graft reserve parenchyma. The cells that have undergone mitosis is of primary graft parenchymal, this being a younger tissue, cells possess their greatest division rate and the modality top wedg is more simple and practical to implement the mini-grafting P. edulis f. flavicarpa on P. mucronata.
Morfometria, germinação in vitro e ex vitro e adequação metodológica do teste de tetrazólio em sementes de Passiflora foetida var. glazziovii killip (Passifloraceae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-25) Costa, Poliana Rangel; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Araújo, Anderson Geyson Alves; Lopes, José Carlos; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira
The species Passiflora foetida L. has wide medical utility and ornamental, but information concerning their infraspecific taxon and the physiological potential of its seeds are still scarce. Tetrazolium tests and germination are important components for the evaluation of the physiological quality of seeds, enabling the evaluation force and deterioration. Through the application of these methodologies is possible to achieve the maximum levels of germination with getting quality seedlings. In this way, aimed to characterize P. foetida var. glaziovii Killip, evaluate their behavior in vitro and ex vitro germinal and tailor the tetrazolium test methodology. The botanical identification and characterization were performed from the observation of relevant characters as identification key. The ex vitro germination was held in roller and paper Germitest at temperatures of 25 and 20-30° C. Totally devoid of seed integument later were used in the in vitro germination tests and tetrazolium. For the in vitro germination medium was MS being the seeds put up the different qualities of light (white, red, red extreme and absence) and two temperatures (25 and 20-30° C). Tetrazolium test the seeds were submerged, tetrazolium solution at a concentration of 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 g L-1 at temperatures of 30, 35, 40 and 45° C for two hours in the absence of light. P. foetida var. glaziovii Killip is a wild species, characterized as herbaceous vine with glandular trichomes on its leaves, bracts and estipulas. This plant has small seeds of approximately 4.87 mm long and 2.15 mm wide, nonphotoblástic, and germination in vitro should be performed in alternating temperature xiii of 20-30° C. In the evaluation of force through the tetrazolium test the combination of concentration of 10 g L-1 and temperature of 30° C is recommended for this species.
Poda verde na produção e qualidade de uva cv. rubi (vitis vinifera L.) no Norte do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-04-05) Zanotti, Luiz Carlos Marozzi; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Czepak, Marcio Paulo; Fernandes, Adriano Alves; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Schmildt, Omar; Smith, Ricardo Enrique Bressan
The production of grapes is gaining more and more, featured in the brazilian economy. The brazilian northeast is responsible for the best table grapes production of Brazil, including the quality that enables export to many countries of the world. Therefore, it‟s not a novelty the grape growing in warm regions, what did not exist yet were grape research in the north capixaba (Region of Espírito Santo). The vine Vites Vinifera cv. Rubi is the one varieties of table grape most important in Brazil. For your cultive, we have the system of green pruning (lopping) which is held in vines with the objective of balancing the vegetative development and production, aiming the high productivity and improving the grapes' quality. Due to lack of scientific parameters relative to the cultive of Rubi grape in the state of Espírito Santo, the experiment had as an objective to evaluate the ideal number of leaves which should be left on the branches to get a better productivity and fruit quality for the conditions found in the region. The experiment was conducted in the farm San Lázaro neighborhood Córrego do Ribeirão, São Mateus - ES, from February 2011 to August 2012 with the vine cv. Rubi. The design was in a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions, and means were compared by a Tukey test with 5% probability. xi The treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 were composed respectively with 15, 20, 25, 30 followed leaves and the last 22 with alternate leaves, whereas the branches were cutting from the final leaves counted for each treatment. Were evaluated 5 grape clusters by repetition, whereas was established a total of 50 berries per cluster to standardize them. The variables evaluated in the treatments were physical and chemical characteristics of clusters and of grape, physiological characteristics of the leaf and the growth average of the branches. After harvested, the grapes and the leaves were taken to the laboratory of Plant Science Center University of Espírito Santo - CEUNES (Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo) to perform the analyses. After the results of the analyses, we found that the number of leaves left by pruning (lopping) did not affect the mass average of the clusters, however, influenced the average number of bunches produced per plant and the length of the bunches, i.e., influencing directly on productivity; The berry diameter, the number of seeds per berry and the percentage were not affected by treatments (number of leaves); The chemical characteristics of the berries were not affected by treatments; The treatment with 15 leaves provided an increase in leaf area and also in chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and Total chlorophyll; The growth of branches was not affected by treatments, but the branches presenting clusters showed a higher growth and consequently the formation of new leaves. Therewith, we conclude that the lopping do not influence on fruit quality, but in the productivity of vine cv. "Rubi" (Vitis vinifera), where we found that treatment 03 (25 leaves) obtained the highest productivity compared with others.
Precisão experimental para a cultura do mamoeiro à campo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-02-21) Ferreira, Jeferson Pereira; Schmildt, Omar; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Cattaneo, Laercio Francisco; Schmildt, Edilson Romais
The horticulture is one of the segments that stand out in the Brazilian agriculture, being the papaya (Carica papaya L.) one of the bearer of the highest importance in country´s economy. The correct dimensional sample is crucial in obtaining precise estimates in experiments with papaya crops. This precision is, generally calculated by the variation of its coefficient, being that the lower the value, the higher it is homogeneity data and lower are the chance of variations. The object of the work was to estimate the size of its sample (number of fruits) necessary to evaluate its characteristics, fruit mass (g) and the total soluble solid contents (°Brix), in commercial papaya crops THB, Golden, Tainung 01 and Uenf/Caliman 01, by simulating re-sampling using the bootstrap technique; studying the coefficient of variation (CV) of the experiments within the papaya culture, proposing banners which instructs the researchers in evaluating their studies. To determine these tracks, the data utilized were obtained by bibliographical revisions in national journals and submitted to the methodology proposed by Garcia (1989), Costa et al. (2002) and in the proposal done by Gomes (2009). The results found for the dimensional sample indicated bigger sample sizes for the character study for fruit masses, which varied from 48 fruits in the THB plantation, to 29 fruits in the Uenf/Caliman 01 plantations, both with a margin of error of 5% on average. The total soluble solids content showed oscillating sample size between six fruits in the Golden plantation and 13 fruits in the Tainung 01 plantation with a margin of error of 5% on average. The results related with the variable coefficient, indicated that the value tracks of the (CV) ix differs in a variety of characters, justifying the necessity of utilizing character specific evaluation.
Propagação in vitro e ex vitro, aspectos anatômicos e fisiológicos de Neoregelia concentrica (Bromeliaceae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-16) Martins, João Paulo Rodrigues; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Santos, Breno Régis; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Schmildt, Omar
The spread in vitro may contribute to the multiplication of several species of commercial interest, as bromeliads. However, in vitro culture conditions can induce the formation of plants with poorly developed structures and tissues that can harm the subsequent ex vitro establishment. Thus, the objective was to develop a protocol for the propagation of bromeliad Neoregelia concentrica, taking into account anatomical and physiological aspects. The first experiment concerning the multiplication, was conducted from plants of N. concentrica previously established in vitro and with 180 days old. These were inoculated into test tubes containing MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (KIN) at 0.0; 5.0; 10.0 and 15.0 µM. At 60 days were analyzed for agronomic parameters and random collection of three plants of each treatment for morphoanatomical analysis. The second experiment, referring to the rooting, was carried out by two methods, in vitro and ex vitro. In vitro rooting, shoots multiplied with 15.0 µM of BAP were cultured for 60 days on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) at 0.0; 1.0;, 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 µM. For ex vitro rooting, shoots multiplied with 15.0 µM of BAP had their bases immersed for 60 minutes in a solution of IBA or NAA at 0.0; 5.0; 10.0 and 15.0 µM. After immersion, the shoots were planted in plastic trays containing vermiculite and grown for 45 days. At the end of each method of rooting analysis was performed character phytotechnical. In the third experiment, referring to the acclimatization, plants N. concentrica multiplicated and rooted in vitro with 15.0 µM of BAP and NAA 3.0 µM, respectively, were planted in plastic trays containing vermiculite and grown under light levels 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% for 28 days. The analysis of fluorescence was performed every 7 days and the evaluation of characters phytotechnical at 28 days of acclimatization. In vitro multiplication, it was found that increased levels of cytokines induced higher emission x of shoots, and the formation of leaf tissues thicker, the use of BAP and more efficient with regard to the KIN. In the second experiment, we observed a higher rooting in vitro (30 days) and greater number of roots in shoots grown in medium containing 3.0 µM NAA, already in ex vitro rooting, we observed a higher number of roots and with greater length mean when applied 5.0 µM IBA. In the acclimatization, it was found less stress in plants grown under partial reduction of light level, highlighting the level of 50% due to recovery in less time and greater growth of N. concentrica. It was possible to establish an efficient protocol for the propagation of bromeliads N. concentrica.
Propagação vegetativa da pimenteira-do-reino : avaliação de cultivares, níveis de AIB e substratos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-04-26) Secundino, Welington; Schmildt, Omar; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Cattaneo, Laercio Francisco
Vegetative propagation by cuttings has largely contributed to the multiplication of several commercial species, among them the black pepper. Success in rooting is determined by a complex interaction between environmental and endogenous factors. The objective of this work is to investigate the course of cultivars of black pepper to indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and different substrates. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse equipped with irrigation system, type intermittent mist, located in the Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES) of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) in São Mateus, ES. In the first experiment, we investigated the rhizogenic course of black pepper cultivars by different concentrations of IBA. We used a randomized block design, with plots arranged in a factorial 3x5: three cultivars (Bragantina Iaçará and Guajarina) x five IBA concentrations (0, 1500, 3000, 4500 and 6000 mg kg-1 ), with four 16 replicates of each pile. It is recommended for cv. Bragantina immersion of only the basal and cvs. Iaçará Guajarina and total immersion of the cuttings in IBA, and the concentration recommended for cultivars is 4000 mg kg-1 . In the second experiment, xi we analyzed the rooting of cultivars of black pepper on different substrates. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x4 factorial design: three cultivars (Bragantina Iaçará and Guajarina) x four substrates (soil + organic compound - 18%, Vermiculite, semi-carbonized rice husk and Bioplant® ), with four 16 replicates of each pile. There are differences among cultivars of black pepper and the characteristics related to the root system. The vermiculite was the best and semicarbonized rice husk is not recommended for rooting cuttings of cvs. Bragantina Iaçará and Guajarina.
Propagação vegetativa de espécies do gênero Piper e suas potencialidades
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-04-27) Magevski, Gizele Cristina; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Czepak, Marcio Paulo; Stangarlin, José Renato; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Fernandes, Adriano Alves
The species Piper nigrum (black pepper) is widely used as a condiment, and valued worldwide. The state of Espirito Santo is the second in the national production of this species, which has great social and economic, to generate alternative income for the family farmer. However, since 1957 this culture began to be affected by a disease that attacks the root system, known as Fusarium. The disease is caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, causing the deaths of thousands of pepper plants, resulting in large losses of production and improved crop production cycle. There is still no proven technology that disease, but it is recommended that you use the graft to obtain disease resistance of the soil, allowing the cultivation of certain species in contaminated areas. It is known that native Piperaceae, such as P. aduncum L., P. arboreum, P. carniconnectivum, P. hispidum, P. hispidnervum, Piper sp and P. tuberculatum showed high resistance to infection with two isolates of Nectria haematococca f. sp. piperis, so they can be used with rootstocks. Thus this work aimed to investigate the propagation by cuttings of three species of Piperaceaes (P. arboreum Aubl. and P. mollicomum, P. amplum Kunth) with potential resistance to fusarium wilt of P. nigrum L., subsidizing therefore information for the production of rootstocks resistant to the Fusarium solani. The first experiment was related to the induction of adventitious rooting of cuttings in three Piper species (P. arboreum, P. amplum and P. mollicomum) using IBA at different concentrations (0, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 mg kg-1 ). The evaluation was performed at 45 days of transplanting and the variables were analyzed: survival (%), leaf number, number of shoots and the average length of the largest bud (cm). In the second experiment, we xi tested the induction of root and shoot growth of cuttings of P. arboreum and P. amplum with the same concentrations used in the first experiment. The evaluation was performed at 90 days of cultivation and the variables were analyzed: survival (%), rooting (%), emission of shoots (%), number of root and shoot, length of roots and the largest bud (cm) and diameter of the bud (mm). The third experiment aimed to detect sources of resistance to Fusarium solani, among the different species of wild Piper propagated in this work and verify that two isolates (isolate I and II) from the pepper with symptoms of fusarium wilt, differ in their ability to infect different hosts. The species P. arboreum and P. amplum, and 98% showed 100% survival, respectively, regardless of the concentration of IBA employed. It was observed that for the rooting of the cuttings of the species P. amplum indicated 3.000 mg kg-1 IBA and for P. arboreum was linear, requiring therefore, studies with concentrations greater than 8,000 mg kg-1 of IBA. It has been demonstrated potential for resistance to both isolates tested on P. arboreum, P. amplum and P. mollicomum, but this condition has yet to be proven under field conditions.
Tamanho de parcela em experimentos com mudas de mamoeiro em tubetes
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Celanti, Humberto Felipe; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Schmildt, Omar; Cattaneo, Laercio Francisco; Schmildt, Edilson Romais
The papaya (Carica papaya L.) has great economic and social representation for Brazil. One of the most common fruit and consumed in the countries of Tropical America. Its cultivation presents new challenges every day and often requires experimental evaluations. One way to contribute to improving the quality of the experiments is to apply appropriate methods, based on objective rules that seek to minimize the experimental error and maximize the amount of information that can be obtained in an experiment. In this context it was aimed to determine the plot size in the production of papaya, through two experiments. In the first, there was a comparative assessment of the plot size in experiments with seedlings of papaya 'Golden Pecíolo Curto' by the method of maximum curvature of Meier and Lessman (1971), by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation according to Paranaíba et al. (2009), and by a method proposed, which includes the bootstrap simulation method of Lessman and Meier (1971). In the second experiment, we used the method of Hatheway (1961) when comparing the experimental designs completely randomized, randomized blocks and Latin square for papaya Baixinho de Santa Amália. The methods showed that the optimal size for seedlings 'Golden Pecíolo Curto' is five seedlings per plot, and that the new method for determining the viii optimal portion size with the use of bootstrap simulation with replacement in the method of maximum curvature of Meier and Lessman (1971) was similar to that seen for the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation according to Paranaíba et al. (2009) by adding a new alternative methods of determining optimal plot size. The number of seedlings per plot for seedlings using the method of Hatheway (1961) is variable depending on the number of treatments and replications assumed precision, the character in question and the experimental design. It is recommended to use of nine seedlings per plot on experimentation involving production of seedlings of '‟Baixinho de Santa Amália‟ in plastic tubes.
Volumes de recipientes no crescimento de espécies florestais nativas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-12-05) Dias, Tânia Fontana; Almeida, Marcelo Suzart de; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Esposti, Marlon Dutra Degli
In order to provide information regarding the production of seedlings of forest species of Atlantic Forest, important segment of forest restoration, the study evaluated the growth of seedlings, Calophillum brasiliense (guanandi), Cariniana estrellensis (jequitibá white), Peltophorum dubium (angico canjiquinha) e Schinus terebinthifolius (red pepper tree) grown in containers of different dimensions. The study was conducted in the nursery trade Agroforestry Atlantic (AMA), city of Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, located at 17 ° 31'08 "south latitude and 39 º 44'30" west longitude. The statistical design was randomized blocks, with four replications and five treatments composed of tubes volumetric capacity of 53, 115, 180 and 280 cm³ and plastic bag of 560 cm³. Each species was an experiment independent of the others. The influence of the volume of the vessel growth and quality of the seedlings was determined by the following biometric parameters: shoot height, collar diameter, shoot dry biomass, root and total leaf area, high levels of relations and diameter, dry biomass and root and Quality of Dickson. To carry out the assessments were taken at random 15 central plants in each plot. The non-destructive evaluations began 30 days after transplantation for recipients, and repeated monthly until the seedlings showed morphological suitable for planting. During this time the experiment was completed, performing destructive evaluations. The results were subjected to analysis of variance SAEG statistical package (Statistical Analysis System), and the treatment means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The volume of container has significantly influenced the development of the plants for some species, indicating that plant growth was limited by restricting the root system. For Calophillum xi brasiliense (guanandi), there was statistical similarity between the seedlings of the tubes 180, 280 cm³ and 560 cm³ bag for all parameters evaluated. For species Cariniana estrellensis (jequitibá white), the average cartridge of 280 cm³ and 560 cm³ bag, were statistically similar for some parameters. Seedlings Peltophorum dubium (yopo canjiquinha), produced in the bag 560cm³ had higher averages for all parameters, and the tubes 180 and 280cm³ form similar in most parameters. To Schinus terebinthifolius (red pepper tree), the highest averages for all parameters, correspond to bag 560 cm³, except for the index that Dickson was similar between the tubes 180 and 280 cm³ and 560 cm³ bag. Even the highest average of indicators of quality of forest seedlings match the bag 560 cm³, its use may be impaired, since it produced all species showed folding of the root system and longer for aggregation of the root ball to the substrate. Considering substrate consumption, space requirements, length of stay in the nursery, labor, greater care with irrigation and monitoring of pests and diseases, depending on the species, may be more feasible using vessels of 180 or 280 cm³.

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